conditions of the heart Flashcards
what is an obstruction of a pulmonary artery by a blood clot?
pulmonary embolism
where is a clot formed in a pulmonary embolism?
systemic venous system- a leg is an example
how does the clot travel in a pulmonary embolism?
through the inferior vena cava or superior vena cava to the rt atrium then right ventricle to pulmonary trunk- blocks blood flow to lungs- leads to heart failure
when the foramen ovale persists as a small opening in the superior part of the fossa ovalis its called?
probe patent foramen ovale
when the foramen ovale has a larger opening or defect its called?
atrial septal defect
with atrial septal defect, what problems can arise?
blood is shunted from left to right causing dilation of right atrium and right ventricle enlargement
what are 2 ways the heart can be enlarged?
muscular hypertrophy
dilation of a chamber
when the walls of the heart grow thicker due to enlargement of cardiac muscle fibers what happens?
muscular hypertrophy of the heart-
age, HTN, atherosclerosis
what are 2 causes of dilation of a chamber?
septal defects
valve incompetency
which is the most diseased valve?
mitral
when you have deposition of lipid plaques on the inner walls of arteries and a narrowing lumen, you have?
atherosclerosis
what causes angina pectoris?
insufficient blood flow to heart tissue- ischemia
what is a symptom of angina pectoris?
substernal chest pain upon exertion
what happens when a coronary artery branch becomes completely occluded?
myocardial infarction- heart attack
what are the 3 most common sites of a MI?
anterior interventricular artery- 40-50%
right coronary artery- 30-40%
circumflex artery- 15-20%
