diaphragm

Question 1

what is a fibromuscular dome-shaped structure with left and right domes?

Answer 1

diaphragm

Question 2

which dome is higher?

Answer 2

right dome is slightly higher because it overlies the liver

Question 3

what are the 2 parts of the diaphragm?

Answer 3

1 muscular part

2 central tendon

Question 4

how are the muscular part and central tendon connected?

Answer 4

the muscular part inserts into the central tendon

Question 5

what are the 3 points of origin of the muscular part of the diaphragm?

Answer 5

sternal- xiphoid process
costal- lower 6 costal cartilages
lumbar- LV 1-3

Question 6

what are the 3 openings of the diaphragm?

Answer 6

Caval opening- TV8
Esophageal hiatus- TV10
Aortic hiatus- TV12

Question 7

what does the caval opening transmit?

Answer 7

inferior vena cava

right phrenic nerve

Question 8

what does the esophageal hiatus transmit?

Answer 8

esophagus

anterior and posterior vagal trunks

Question 9

what does the aortic hiatus transmit?

Answer 9

aorta
thoracic duct
azygos vein

Question 10

what is the blood supply to the diaphragm?

Answer 10

Musculophrenic artery
Pericardiacophrenic artery
Superior phrenic artery
Inferior phrenic artery

Question 11

what is the innervation of the diaphragm?

Answer 11

phrenic nerve- motor, sensory central

intercostal nerve- sensory peripheral

Question 12

what is caused by a weakness in the diaphragmatic wall around the esophageal hiatus?

Answer 12

hiatal hernia

Question 13

what ages does a hiatal hernia usually occur?

Answer 13

over 50

Question 14

hiatal hernia can also cause what over condition?

Answer 14

gastroesophageal reflux

Question 15

what are the 3 major movements of respiration?

Answer 15

Piston movement
Bucket handle movement
Pump handle movement

Question 16

the elevation of the ribs in both bucket handle and pump handle movements is due to contraction of?

Answer 16

external intercostal muscles

Question 17

diaphragm contraction with increase in vertical diameter of thorax is what movement?

Answer 17

piston movement

Question 18

elevation of lower ribs about an antero-posterior axis with increase in transverse diameter is what type of movement?

Answer 18

bucket handle movement

Question 19

elevation of upper ribs about a transverse axis with an increase in antero-posterior diameter is what type of movement?

Answer 19

pump handle movement

Question 20

hiccups are the result of?

Answer 20

spasmodic contraction of the diaphragm