Exposure Therapies

Question 1

In vivo desensitization

Answer 1

brief and graduated exposure to an actual fear situation or event

Question 2

Flooding

Answer 2

Prologned and intensive in vivo or imaginal exposure to stimuli that evoke high levels of anxity w/o opportunity to avoid them.

Question 3

Theory of Psychopathology of Exposure therapy

Answer 3

• anxiety is a conditioned response controlled by two factors: respondent learning and operant learning
• conditioning accounts for the acquisition and extinction of fear
• conceptualizes pathology in terms of both behavioral and emotional processing

Question 4

Therapeutic Processes

Answer 4

• clients given clear rationale for treatment
• taught anxiety coping skills
• prolonged exposure
  - intensive (direct & immediate exposure) vs. gradual (slow & incremental exposure).
  - Imaginal (imagining fear stimuli) vs. in vivo (actual place or tactile material)
• given homework
• maintenance sessions as needed

Question 5

EMDR

Answer 5

Eye Movement and Desensitization and Reprocessing
- discovered deliberate eye moments made her thoughts less distressing.
- Francine Shapiro founder of EMDR
- controversial for controlling early EMDR training

Question 6

Theory of Psychopathology - EMDR

Answer 6

• psychopathology occurs when information processing is blocked
• trauma is trapped in neurophysiology
• everyday stimuli trigger re-experience of traumatic event

Question 7

Implosive therapy combats trauma primarily through

Answer 7

fantastic imagery

Question 8

Prolonged exposure combats trauma primarily through

Answer 8

Imaginary and actual confrontation to fears

Question 9

EMDR combats trauma through

Answer 9

desensitization by means of directed eye movements or hand taps.

Question 10

Describe response prevention

Answer 10

Extinguish pathological anxiety by preventing the clients from avoiding the anxiety-eliciting stimuli

Question 11

Exposure therapists view anxiety as a conditioned response controlled by what two learning factors?

Answer 11

Operant learning (learning to avoid) - leaving the situation minimizes anxiety
Respondent learning - animal learns to fear a buzzer because it has been paired with a shock (think Pavlov)

Question 12

One of the theories that exposure therapy is based on

Answer 12

Emotional processing theory

Question 13

Goal of therapy is to

Answer 13

Reverse the reinforcement contingencies by
1) intentional, extended contact with the feared stimuli
2) active blocking of the associated avoidance (response prevention)

Question 14

Exposure therapists are concerned with being genuine (true or false)

Answer 14

False. They are more concerned with being effective. Empathy is offered during evaluation sessions, but during the exposure itself they insist that the client directly face the fear.

Question 15

Alongside CBT, exposure has been the most thoroughly investigated psychotherapy in controlled research (true or false).

Answer 15

True

Question 16

The essential change process in EDMR is

Answer 16

counterconditioning via desensitization, desensitization, and cognitive restructuring.

Question 17

The desensitization phase is the longest phase in EDMR. (True or False)

Answer 17

True

Question 18

What does ACM mean in EDMR?

Answer 18

Access - access the dysfunctionally stored information network
Stimulate - stimulate the information processing system
Move - Move that information by initiating procedures to ensure that the target transmutes into an adaptive resolution

Question 19

The clinician-client relationship in EMDR should not be characterized by empathy, trust, and safety (True or False).

Answer 19

False

Question 20

EMDR offers what two benefits over prolonged exposure treatment?

Answer 20

1) clients do not need to verbalize their painful memories, just think about them
2) not asked to conduct between-session exposure homework