Exposure Therapies Flashcards
In vivo desensitization
brief and graduated exposure to an actual fear situation or event
Flooding
Prologned and intensive in vivo or imaginal exposure to stimuli that evoke high levels of anxity w/o opportunity to avoid them.
Theory of Psychopathology of Exposure therapy
- anxiety is a conditioned response controlled by two factors: respondent learning and operant learning
- conditioning accounts for the acquisition and extinction of fear
- conceptualizes pathology in terms of both behavioral and emotional processing
Therapeutic Processes
- clients given clear rationale for treatment
- taught anxiety coping skills
- prolonged exposure
- intensive (direct & immediate exposure) vs. gradual (slow & incremental exposure).
- Imaginal (imagining fear stimuli) vs. in vivo (actual place or tactile material) - given homework
- maintenance sessions as needed
EMDR
Eye Movement and Desensitization and Reprocessing
- discovered deliberate eye moments made her thoughts less distressing.
- Francine Shapiro founder of EMDR
- controversial for controlling early EMDR training
Theory of Psychopathology - EMDR
- psychopathology occurs when information processing is blocked
- trauma is trapped in neurophysiology
- everyday stimuli trigger re-experience of traumatic event
Implosive therapy combats trauma primarily through
fantastic imagery
Prolonged exposure combats trauma primarily through
Imaginary and actual confrontation to fears
EMDR combats trauma through
desensitization by means of directed eye movements or hand taps.
Describe response prevention
Extinguish pathological anxiety by preventing the clients from avoiding the anxiety-eliciting stimuli
Exposure therapists view anxiety as a conditioned response controlled by what two learning factors?
Operant learning (learning to avoid) - leaving the situation minimizes anxiety
Respondent learning - animal learns to fear a buzzer because it has been paired with a shock (think Pavlov)
One of the theories that exposure therapy is based on
Emotional processing theory
Goal of therapy is to
Reverse the reinforcement contingencies by
1) intentional, extended contact with the feared stimuli
2) active blocking of the associated avoidance (response prevention)
Exposure therapists are concerned with being genuine (true or false)
False. They are more concerned with being effective. Empathy is offered during evaluation sessions, but during the exposure itself they insist that the client directly face the fear.
Alongside CBT, exposure has been the most thoroughly investigated psychotherapy in controlled research (true or false).
True
The essential change process in EDMR is
counterconditioning via desensitization, desensitization, and cognitive restructuring.
The desensitization phase is the longest phase in EDMR. (True or False)
True
What does ACM mean in EDMR?
Access - access the dysfunctionally stored information network
Stimulate - stimulate the information processing system
Move - Move that information by initiating procedures to ensure that the target transmutes into an adaptive resolution
The clinician-client relationship in EMDR should not be characterized by empathy, trust, and safety (True or False).
False
EMDR offers what two benefits over prolonged exposure treatment?
1) clients do not need to verbalize their painful memories, just think about them
2) not asked to conduct between-session exposure homework
