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Immunology > export_chapter 6 mhc > Flashcards

export_chapter 6 mhc Flashcards

1
Q

2 properties of antigens recognized by T cells

A
  • short linear peptides

* presented on MHC molecules

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2
Q

MHC Restriction

A

T cells can only see an antigen on a SPECIFIC type of MHC molecule

T cells from a given individual only recognize antigens in the context of their own MHC

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3
Q

Number of signals needed to activate a naive T cell

A

2 (some say 3)
1 = antigen on MHC

2 = microbial product

3 = cytokines

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4
Q

Effects of interaction of a dendritic cell with a naive T cell

A
  • Naive T cell activation
  • clonal expansion
  • differentiation –> effector T cells
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5
Q

Effects of macrophage interaction with T cells

A
  • Effector T cell activation

* Activation of macrophages (cell mediated immunity)

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6
Q

Number of signals required to activate an effector T cell

A

1 - antigen on MHC

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7
Q

Effects of Effector T cell interaction with B cells

A
  • Effector T cell activation
  • B cell activation
  • Antibody production (humoral immunity)
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8
Q

CD40 and CD40 ligand

A

Receptor and ligand pair important for T and B cell interaction

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9
Q

Adjuvant

A

Microbial products that enhance antigen presentation to make a stronger response

Often used in vaccines

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10
Q

“Hole in the repertoire”

A

When inbred populations don’t have the MHC gene needed to present a particular antigen to get a good response

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11
Q

Genetic polymorphisms

A

genes whose products can be different between individuals

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12
Q

Alleles

A

Variants in polymorphic genes

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13
Q

Co-dominant alleles

A

Both are expressed even if they are different

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14
Q

Are MHC genes polymorphic or polygenic?

A

both

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15
Q

Polygenic

A

Multiple genes for the same thing

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16
Q

Syngeneic individuals

A

express the same alleles

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17
Q

Allogeneic individuals

A

express at least one differing allele

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18
Q

HLA

A

Human leukocyte antigen

Human MHC gene

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19
Q

Names of human Class I MHC loci

A

A, B, C

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20
Q

Names of human MHC Class II loci

A

DP, DQ, DR

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21
Q

H-2

A

Mouse MHC gene

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22
Q

Names of mouse MHC class I loci

A

D, L, K

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23
Q

Names of mouse MHC class II loci

A

I-A (A), I-E (E)

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24
Q

CLA

A

Canine leukocyte antigen

Canine MHC gene

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25
Q

FLA

A

feline leukocyte antigen

Feline MHC gene

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26
Q

Besides MHC genes, what other genes are located on MHC regions?

A

Cytokine genes

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27
Q

H-2 Kd

A

Mouse class 1 MHC

K gene, allele d

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28
Q

I-Ad

A

Mouse Class II MHC

A gene, d allele

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29
Q

H-2d

A

Genetic haplotype

All genes have the d allele

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30
Q

HLA-B27

A

Human Class I MHC

Gene B, allele 27

31
Q

HLA-DR4

A

Human Class II MHC

Gene DR, allele 4

32
Q

MHC haplotype

A

The set of alleles for a given individual

33
Q

MHC class I molecules - what are the 2 polypeptide chains?

A

alpha

beta2-microglobulin

34
Q

Class II MHC polypeptide chains

A

a, b

35
Q

Locations of polymorphic residues in Class I MHC

A

a1 and a2

36
Q

Locations of polymorphic residues in Class II MHC

A

a1 and b1

37
Q

Binding site for T cell receptor on Class I MHC

A

a3 region

38
Q

Type of cell that recognizes class I MHC

A

CD8 T cells

39
Q

Binding site for T cell on class II MHC

A

b2 region

40
Q

Type of cell that recognizes Class II MHC

A

CD4 T cell

41
Q

Size of peptide-binding cleft in Class I MHC

A

small, 8-11 residues

42
Q

Size of binding site in Class II MHC

A

large, 10-30 residues

43
Q

Types of cells expressing Class I MHC

A

All nucleated cells

44
Q

Types of cells expressing Class II MHC

A

Professional APCs

B cell, dendritic cell, macrophage

45
Q

What is the effect of IFN-gamma on MHC?

A

Increases expression of MHC on macrophages

46
Q

TAP

A

Transporter associated protein

In ER membrane

Transports peptides from cytosol into ER lumen to make Class I MHC

47
Q

How often is class I MHC made?

A

Constituitively, all the time

48
Q

Steps in antigen processing for Class I MHC

A
  1. Cytosolic/intracellularprotein cut into peptides by proteasome
  2. TAP transports peptides into ER lumen
  3. Peptides bind to MHC in the ER
  4. MHC transported to the cell membrane
49
Q

Steps in antigen processing for Class II MHC

A
  1. extracellular protein endocytosed
  2. Protein broken down in endosome
  3. MHC with invariant chain transported from ER to endosomal compartment
  4. invariant chain cleaved out
  5. Peptide binds to MHC
  6. MHC transported to cell membrane
50
Q

Name the chains in Class II MHC

A

a and b chain

51
Q

Name the chains in Class I MHC

A

a chain and b2 microglobulin

52
Q

What cells present antigens on Class II MHC?

A

Dendritic cells, macrophages and B lymphocytes

“Professional APCs”

53
Q

What cells present antigens on class I MHC?

A

All nucleated cells

54
Q

What type of cell responds to Class II MHC?

A

CD4 helper T cells

55
Q

What type of cells respond to Class I MHC?

A

CD8 cytotoxic T cells

56
Q

What is the source of protein antigen for Class II MHC?

A

Endosomal/lysosomal proteins internalized from the extracellular environment

57
Q

What is the source of protein antigens for Class I MHC?

A

Cytosolic proteins synthesized in the cell

58
Q

Site of peptide loading on Class II MHC

A

Endosome/lysosome compartment

59
Q

Site of peptide loading on Class I MHC

A

endoplasmic reticulum

60
Q

Invariant chain is involved in antigen presentation on which MHC molecule?

A

Class II

61
Q

How are proteins labeled for degradation?

A

Ubiquitination

62
Q

What guides class II MHC to the endocytic vesicle?

A

Specific AAs on invariant chain

63
Q

What is the function of HLA-DM?

A

cleaves CLIP

64
Q

What is CLIP?

A

part of invariant chain resistant to enzymatic degradation in the endosome

removed by HLA-DM

65
Q

What is an immunodominant epitope?

A

A peptide that activates and immune response better than other peptide antigens from the same protein

66
Q

Where do proteins go after ubiquitination?

A

proteasome

67
Q

For which type of MHC does the antigen processing involve ubiquitination?

A

Class I

68
Q

For which type of MHC does the processing involve degradation in the proteasome?

A

Class I

69
Q

For which type of MHC is TAP involved in antigen processing?

A

Class I

70
Q

For which type of MHC does antigen processing involve protein degradation in the endosome/lysosome?

A

Class II

71
Q

For which type of MHC is CLIP inolved in antigen processing/presentation?

A

Class II

72
Q

For which type of MHC is invariant chain involved in MHC production?

A

Class II

73
Q

What is cross-presentation?

A

Ability of dendritic cells to display extracellular antigen on class I MHC (which would normally go through the class II pathway) to activate naive CD8 (cytotoxic) T cells. (Dendritic cells are the only cells that can activate naive T cells)

Immunology (9 decks)

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