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Immunology > Chapter 12 > Flashcards

Chapter 12 Flashcards

1
Q

Functions of antibodies

A
  1. complement activation –> lysis of microbes, phagocytosis, inflammation
  2. neutralization of microbes/toxins
  3. opsonization and phagocytosis
  4. antibody-dependent cytotoxicity
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2
Q

Functions of IgG

A

opsonization
activation of complement

neonatal immunity

feedback inhibition of B cell activation

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3
Q

IgM functions

A

complement activation

antigen receptor of naive B cells

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4
Q

Functions of IgA

A

mucosal immunity

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5
Q

Functions of IgE

A

cytoxicity involving eosinophils

mast cell degranulation

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6
Q

IgD functions

A

antigen receptor of naive B cells

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7
Q

Explain the opsonization and phagocytosis process

A

IgG binds microbes
Fc receptors on phagocytes recognize IgG

Fc signals to cell to promote phagocytosis

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8
Q

What types of cells can kill targets that are coated with antibodies?

A

NK cells and Eosinophils

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9
Q

Which Ig do NK cells recognize?

A

IgG

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10
Q

Which type of Ig do Eosinophils recognize?

A

IgE

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11
Q

Fc-gamma receptor

A

Found on NK cells

Recognizes Fc region of IgG to kill antibody coated cells

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12
Q

Fc-epsilon

A

Recognizes the Fc portion of IgE bound to helminthic parasites

found on eosinophils which kill the parasites

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13
Q

Zymogen

A

protein who gains proteolytic activity after being cleaved by another protease

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14
Q

How do normal host cells evade the complement system?

A

They have inhibitory regulatory proteins present on their membranes

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15
Q

Classical complement pathway

A

activated by antibodies (IgG and IgM) bound to antigen

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16
Q

Alternative complement pathway

A

activated on microbial cell surfaces in the absence of antibody

17
Q

lectin complement pathway

A

activated by plasma lectin that binds to mannose receptors on the surface of microbes

mannose = PAMP

18
Q

a (in complement system)

A

small product

19
Q

b (complement system)

A

larger product

20
Q

MAC

A

membrane attack complex of the complement system

21
Q

C3 convertase

A

catalyzes proteolysis of C3 to C3a and C3b

22
Q

C3b

A

Binds to microbe!

23
Q

C3a

A

floats Away

chemoattractant

24
Q

T or F

C1 must bind to two or more Fc portions to initiate the complement cascade.

A

T

25
Q

Can C1 bind to soluble IgM?

A

No - bust bind after IgM binds to surface-bound antigens

26
Q

How can C1 bind to IgG?

A

Can bind to Fc regions of two adjacent surface bound IgG molecules

27
Q

C5 convertase

A

converts C5 to C5 a and C5b

28
Q

C5a

A

chemoattractant –> inflammation

29
Q

C5b

A

binds and builds up

30
Q

C6, C7, C8

A

bind in sequential order

must be bound for MAC to form

31
Q

How does the MAC form?

A

C9 molecules polymerize around the complement complex to create a pore

32
Q

What are the 4 regulators of complement activation?

A
  1. Regulation of C1 by C1 inhibitor
  2. Inhibition of the formation of C3 convertase
  3. Proteolytic cleavage of C3b –> iC3b
  4. Inhibition of the MAC
33
Q

Functions of complement

A
  1. C3b opsonization –> phagocytosis
  2. C5a and C3a recruit leukocytes and promote inflammation
  3. MAC lyses cells
34
Q

where is IgA produced?

A

by plasma cells in the lamina propria of mucosal tissue

35
Q

How is IgA transported into the lumen of mucosa lined organs?

A
  1. IgA binds to the poly-Ig receptor (base of epi cell)
  2. Complex actively transported through cell
  3. IgA released into lumen by proteolytic cleavage
36
Q

Transcytosis

A

process of active transport through a cell

mechanism of IgA transport into the lumen of mucosally lined organs

37
Q

What is responsible for making IgA a dimer?

A

J chain

38
Q

Can monomeric IgA be transcytosed?

A

no

Immunology (9 decks)

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