EXPLORARI PARACLINICE Flashcards

1
Q

Infarctul pulmonar

A

RADIOGRAFIE - opacitate omogena, intensa, de forma triunghiurlara cu varful spre hil si baza spre periferie
ECG - deviere axiala dreapta
Ecocardiografie
Scintigrafie de perfuzie - zona neperfuzata
ANGIOPENUMOGRAFIE - precizeaza si localizeaza vasul obstruat

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2
Q

Abces pulmonar

A

Radiografie - Opacitate rotunda sau ovalara inainte de evacuare, sau cu nivel hidroaeric dupa evacuare
Bronhoscopie / CT - pentru diagnosticul pozitiv si pentru diferentiere de tumori pulmonare
BIOLOGIC - sindrom inflamator NESPECIFIC - VSH crescut, fibrinogen crescut, leucocitoza

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3
Q

Cancer pulmonar primitiv

A

Radiografie - aspect de nodul, contur neregulat, cu fine prelungiri
BRONHOSCOPIE - utila pentru tumorile centrale, diagnostic macroscopic si histopatologic
Punctie transtoracica - tumori periferice, neaccesibile pin bronhoscopie
CT toracic - evidentiaza formatiunea tumorala, raporturile sale cu organele invecinate, prezenta adenopatiilor satelite

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4
Q

Fibroza pulmonara

A

RADIOGRAFIE - aspect granular, reticulonodular
Probe functionale respiratorii - scad capacitatea vitala, volumul rezidual si capacitatea pulmonara totala - SINDROM RESTRICTIV
ASTRUP - modificarea gazelo respiratorii, hipoxie si hipercapnie , in functie de stadiul bolii

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5
Q

Atelectazie

A

RADIOLOGIC - opacitate zonala cu deplasarea traheei si a mediastinului spre partea afectata
Bronhoscopie si CT - pentru identificarea unui probabil proces tumoral

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6
Q

Emfizem

A

Radiologie - hipertransparenta, coaste orizontalizate, diafragm coborat, aplatizat
Probe functionale respiratorii - VOLUM REZIDUAL CRESCUT, CAPACITATE PULMONARA CRESCUTA, RECUL ELASRUC REDUS - obstructiv?
Gazele respiratorii - MULT TIMP NORMALE DAR PROBABIL USOARA HIPOCAPNEE CA URMARE A HIPERVENTILATIEI CRONICE

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7
Q

Sindrom cavitar

A

RADIOLOGIE - zona clara, rotunda, ovalara, inel opac extern, nivel lichidian , chist hidatic - membrana pluteste deasupra lichidului intracavitar ( semnul lui Morquio)
CT toracic - eventual pentru diagnostic diferentiaal + interventie chirurgicala

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8
Q

Pleurezi

A

Radiologie
CT TORACIC
Analiza lichidului pleural : citologic, bacteriologic, biochimic
BIOPSIE PLEURALA
PLEUROSCOPIE

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9
Q

Elemente specifice etiologiei in lichidul pleural .
TBC
NEOPLAZIC
PAR
PANCR ACUTA

A

TBC - limfocitoza - aprox 80%, glucoza scazuta
NEOPLAZIC - lichid hemoragic care se reface rapid dupa evacuare, ciotologie cu celule maligne evidente pe frotiu
PAR - lichid pleural cu glucoza scazuta, LDH crescut, colesterol
PANCR ACUTA - lichid cu amilaze crescute

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10
Q

PNEUMOTORACE

A

Radiografie - hipertransparenta fara desen pulmonar, plaman impins spre hil
Punctie pleurala : diagnostica si terapeutica

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11
Q

BRONHOPNEUMONIE

A

Radiografie - opacitati nodulare, intense, omogene, diseminate uni sau bilateral, intensitatesubcostala si costala, uneori pseudolobar, zone de atelectazie in jur
Laborator - leucocitoza, anemie, vsh crescut, fibrinogen crescut ( sindr infl. nespecific)
Examen sputa - bacteriologic si citologic

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12
Q

Pneumonie interstitiala

A

Radiologie - desen interstitial accentuat

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13
Q

Pneumonie franca lobara

A

Radiologic - opacitate , bronhograma aeriana vizibila (element sugestiv pentru procesul pneumonic)
LABORATOR - leucocitoza, anemie, VSH crescut, fibrinogen crescut
examen sputa - bacteriologic, citologic

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14
Q

Astm bronsic

A

Biologic - eozinofilie, IgE crescute
Radiologic - in criza - hiperinflatie pulmonara
Examenul sputei - eozinofile, cristale Charcot Leyden, corpi Creola(alergic),
in infectios - PMN, neutrofile, bacterii
teste alergice cutanate
explorari functionale respiratorii - ESENTIALE - disfunctie resp obstructiva cu indice tiffneau scazut si vems scazut
teste de provocare bronsica

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15
Q

Bronsiectazie

A

radiologic - CUIB DE ALBINE, CIORCHINE DE STRUGURI, IN ROZETA
biologic - sindrom inflamator nespecific - VSH, leu, fibrin
Examen citologic si bacteriologic sputa
Bronshocopie
Bronhografie cu lipiodol
explorari funct respiratorii - MIXT

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16
Q
A

radiografie -