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Psych (1.6) Research Methods > Experimental method > Flashcards

Experimental method Flashcards

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1
Q

What is the aim of a study?

A

A general statement of what the researcher intends to investigate; it is the purpose of the study.

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2
Q

What is an experimental hypothesis?

A

A statement of the predicted difference.

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3
Q

What type of hypothesis is the following?

‘People who drink red-bull become more talkative than people who don’t’.

A

Directional hypothesis.

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4
Q

What is a null hypothesis?

A

A statement of no difference, it allows for finding of no changes.

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5
Q

What are independent variables?

A

The aspect of the situation that is manipulated by the researcher (or changes naturally).

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6
Q

When should a directional hypothesis be used?

A

When there has been previous research conducted into this area and the findings of this research suggest a particular outcome.

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7
Q

What type of hypothesis is the following?

‘People who drink red-bull differ in talkativeness compared to those who don’t drink red-bull’.

A

Non-directional hypothesis.

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8
Q

What is a hypothesis?

A

A statement that is made at the start of the experiment and clearly states the relationship between variables as stated by the theory.

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9
Q

What is meant by operationalisation?

A

Clearly defining variables in terms of how they can be measured.

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10
Q

What is a directional hypothesis?

A

States the direction of difference in a relationship.

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11
Q

What are dependant variables?

A

The variables that are measured by the researcher.

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12
Q

What is a general statement that describes the to purpose of an investigation?

A

The aim of a study.

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13
Q

When should a non-directional hypothesis be used?

A

When there is no previous research into this area, or the prior research findings are contradictory.

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14
Q

Which variable is the one which is changed?

A

DV, (Dependant Variable).

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15
Q

What is a non-directional hypothesis?

A

States there will be a difference in the relationship but does not decide what the difference will actually be.

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16
Q

A researcher changes or manipulates the ____________ ________and records or measures the effect of this change on the __________ ________.

A

Independent variable, Dependent variable:
A researcher changes or manipulates the independent variable and records or measures the effect of this change on the dependant variable.

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17
Q

What is the experimental method?

A

It involves the manipulation of an independent variable to measure the effect on the dependant variable.

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18
Q

Which variable is changed by the scientist?

A

IV, (Independant Variable).

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19
Q

If there are two ‘levels’ of the IV, then what are the two conditions?

A
  • Experimental condition,

- Control condition.

20
Q

In order to investigate the effect of the IV we need different ___________ __________.

A

Experimental conditions:

In order to investigate the effect of the IV we need different experimental conditions.

21
Q

What is a control condition?

A

A condition which lacks any manipulation or change of the independent variable.

22
Q

What type of hypothesis is this?

‘Boys will perform better than girls in the psychology exam’.

A

Directional hypothesis.

23
Q

What type of hypothesis is this?

‘Either boys or girls will score higher in the psychology exam’.

A

Non-directional hypothesis.

24
Q

Many of the things that psychologists are interested in, such as social behaviours, intelligence or cognition, are often a little fuzzy and not easy to define. Therefore, what must be done to make sure they are clearly defined and testable?

A

They must be operationalised.

25
Q

Write an appropriate dependent variable for the following variable:
- Concentration.

A

Time taken to get distracted from a task (seconds).

26
Q

Identify the IV and the DV for the following experiments:

- The effect of drinking red-bull or not drinking red-bull on concentration levels.

A 
IV = Drinking red-bull before a memory test.
DV = Time to lose concentration.
27
Q

Write an appropriate dependent variable for the following variable:
- Forgetting.

A

Memory test to recall 5 numbers every 10 minutes (time taken to forget - minutes).

28
Q

Identify the IV and the DV for the following experiments:

- The effect of gender on scores on an aggression test.

A 
IV = Gender.
DV = Relative blood pressure / heart rate rise for both.
29
Q

Write an appropriate dependent variable for the following variable:
- Aggression.

A

Rise in heart rate (bpm).

30
Q

Write an appropriate dependent variable for the following variable:
- Reaction time.

A

The score in a ruler drop test (cm).

31
Q

Write an appropriate dependent variable for the following variable:
- Driving ability.

A

A standardised driving test where the number of mistakes made are noted.

32
Q

Identify the IV and the DV for the following experiments:

- Time spent reading and the number of mistakes made on a spelling test.

A 
IV = Time spent reading daily.
DV = Number of mistakes on a standard spelling test.
33
Q

Re-write the hypothesis below so it is a null hypothesis:

- There is a significant difference in how fathers and mothers play with children.

A

There will be no difference in how mothers and fathers play with their children.

34
Q

Identify the IV and the DV for the following experiments:

- Number of errors made on a task when an audience is present or not.

A 
IV = Presence of an audience.
DV = Number of errors made.
35
Q

Re-write the hypothesis below so it is a null hypothesis:

- Drinking coffee leads to a significant increase in alertness.

A

Drinking coffee has no effect on alertness.

36
Q

Identify the IV and the DV for the following experiments:

- The effect of age on the number of words correctly recalled on a memory test.

A 
IV = Age.
DV = Score on a memory recall test.
37
Q

Decide whether the following general hypotheses are directional or non-directional:
- Men who have beards are perceived as older than clean-shaved men.

A

Directional hypothesis.

38
Q

Identify the IV and the DV for the following experiments:

- Number of nightmares reported depending on whether horror films have been watched late at night or not.

A 
IV = Watched horror movies late at night or not.
DV = Number of nightmares that night.
39
Q

Decide whether the following general hypotheses are directional or non-directional:
- Boys are more aggressive than girls.

A

directional hypothesis.

40
Q

Identify the IV and the DV for the following experiments:

- People who exercise will rate themselves higher in terms of general well-being compared to those who do not exercise.

A 
IV = Amount of exercise done each week.
DV = Rating themselves.
41
Q

Decide whether the following general hypotheses are directional or non-directional:
- The faster you type, the more mistakes you make.

A

directional hypothesis.

42
Q

Identify the IV and the DV for the following experiments:

- Those who have therapy will show reduced levels of anxiety compared to those who have had no therapy.

A 
IV = Those who have had therapy or not.
DV = Anxiety score.
43
Q

Re-write the hypothesis below so it is a null hypothesis:

- Drinking coffee leads to a significant increase in alertness.

A

Drinking coffee has no effect on alertness.

44
Q

Identify the IV and the DV for the following experiments:

- Drinking alcohol or not drinking alcohol will affect the number of mistakes made on a driving simulator activity.

A 
IV = Alcohol consumption.
DV = Number of mistakes made on a driving simulator activity.
45
Q

Identify the IV and the DV for the following experiments:

- Males who have higher income will be rated as more attractive than those who have a low income.

A 
IV = Levels of income.
DV = Score on attractivity.

Psych (1.6) Research Methods (20 decks)

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