Experimentak Design Flashcards
What is Independent Groups Design?
A design where different participants are used in each condition of the experiment.
This design allows for quicker and easier execution of experiments.
What was the example used to illustrate Independent Groups Design?
Harlow (1959) separated monkeys from mothers immediately after birth and placed them in cages with two surrogate mothers.
One mother was made of wire and provided food, while the other was covered in towelling cloth and provided no food.
What is a limitation of Independent Groups Design?
Possible participant variables can confound results.
This means that differences between participants could affect the outcomes of the experiment.
How can limitations of Independent Groups Design be dealt with?
Random allocation ensures each participant has an equal chance of being assigned to one group or the other.
For example, names drawn from a hat can be used for group assignment.
What is Repeated Measures Design?
A design where the same participants take part in each condition of the independent variable.
This means that each condition of the experiment includes the same group of participants.
What was the example used to illustrate Repeated Measures Design?
A psychiatrist measures each child’s performance after being on each of 4 drug doses for a week.
This is to determine the most beneficial medication for OCD.
What is a limitation of Repeated Measures Design?
Order effects can occur.
This can happen when participants experience conditions in a specific order, affecting the results.
How can limitations of Repeated Measures Design be dealt with?
Counterbalancing is used to control for order effects.
Participants are split into two groups to experience conditions in different orders.
What is Matched Pairs Design?
Pairs of participants are matched based on key variables, with one assigned to the experimental group and the other to the control group.
This helps reduce participant variables that may affect the dependent variable.
What was the example used to illustrate Matched Pairs Design?
Researchers match ppts based on IQ, with one receiving a drug and the other a placebo.
After a set period, both are tested on memory and scores are compared.
What is a limitation of Matched Pairs Design?
It can be difficult and time-consuming to find matched pairs.
This can complicate the research process.
