Ethical Issues

Question 1

What does BPS stand for?

Answer 1

British Psychological Society

Question 2

According to the BPS, how many core principles relate to ethics?

Answer 2

4 core principles

Question 3

What is the first core principle of ethics according to the BPS?

Answer 3

Respect

Question 4

What does the principle of Respect entail?

Answer 4

Recognition of the inherent worth of all human beings, regardless of differences

Question 5

What is the second core principle of ethics according to the BPS?

Answer 5

Responsibility

Question 6

What does the principle of Responsibility emphasize?

Answer 6

Valuing responsibilities to individuals, the public, and the profession of psychology

Question 7

What is the third core principle of ethics according to the BPS?

Answer 7

Integrity

Question 8

What does the principle of Integrity involve?

Answer 8

Being honest and accurate in actions, words, decisions, methods, and outcomes

Question 9

What is the fourth core principle of ethics according to the BPS?

Answer 9

Not explicitly mentioned in the text

Question 10

What is informed consent?

Answer 10

Participants being informed of aims, tasks, timings, etc., and signing a consent form

Question 11

What should be done if a participant is under 16 years old regarding informed consent?

Answer 11

Consent must be given by their parents

Question 12

What ethical issue may arise in observational studies?

Answer 12

Difficulty in obtaining informed consent

Question 13

What does deception in research refer to?

Answer 13

Participants being misled in any way during the study

Question 14

What right should participants be informed of in terms of withdrawal?

Answer 14

Right to withdraw from the research at any point

Question 15

What must participants be informed about regarding their data?

Answer 15

Right to withdraw their data at a later date

Question 16

What is a significant concern regarding the protection of participants?

Answer 16

Protection from harm

Question 17

What should be used to protect participant confidentiality in reports?

Answer 17

Initials instead of names

Question 18

What is a location where confidentiality should be maintained?

Answer 18

A place where participants do not expect to be observed

Question 20

What is the first ethical guideline in dealing with ethical issues?

Answer 20

Fully informed consent

Under Childres consent from guerdion

Question 21

What should be done if a decision leads to anger or upset?

Answer 21

Full debrief after

This indicates that the situation was inappropriate

Question 22

What is required if harm in later life may occur?

Answer 22

Approval of independent advisors is needed

This emphasizes the importance of oversight in sensitive situations

Question 23

What type of analysis is considered in ethical guidelines?

Answer 23

Cost-benefit analysis

Guidelines may be broken if the value of what is learned is worth the cost to participants

Question 24

Who undertakes the cost-benefit analysis in research studies?

Answer 24

Ethics committee

This committee consists of experts who review studies

Question 25

What can an ethics committee do if they find issues with a study?

Answer 25

Make changes to its design or procedure or sometimes deny the approval ## Footnote This ensures that ethical standards are maintained

Question 26

What is the consequence of violating ethical guidelines for psychologists?

Answer 26

Punishment or barring from practicing as a psychologist ## Footnote This serves as a deterrent to unethical behavior

Question 27

Fill in the blank: A group of experts reviewing the cost-benefit of a study is known as the _______.

Answer 27

ethics committee

Question 28

True or False: Ethics committees consist of ordinary people.

Answer 28

False ## Footnote They are composed of both experts and ordinary people

Question 29

What is fully informed consent?

Answer 29

Gain fully informed consent through a consent form.

Question 30

Who gives fully informed consent for children under 16?

Answer 30

The legal guardian.

Question 31

What is presumptive consent?

Answer 31

Assuming consent from similar demographics if the researcher cannot gain it directly.

Question 32

What is prior general consent?

Answer 32

Asking participants if they would agree to participate in future research without specifying the time.

Question 33

What is retrospective consent?

Answer 33

Seeking consent from participants after the study for using their collected data.

Question 34

When should deception be used in research?

Answer 34

Only if there is no alternative and participants must be debriefed.

Question 35

What should researchers ensure before using deception?

Answer 35

That deceiving participants will cause no harm.

Question 36

What happens if distress is caused by deception?

Answer 36

The study will be deemed unacceptable.

Question 37

What is the right to withdraw?

Answer 37

Participants can withdraw before, during, and after the experiment.

Question 38

What should be done if harm is happening during an experiment?

Answer 38

End the experiment.

Question 39

What is one method to ensure confidentiality?

Answer 39

Use initials or aggregated data.

Question 40

What does privacy in research entail?

Answer 40

Only observing people where they would be expected to be observed.