Ethical Issues Flashcards
What does BPS stand for?
British Psychological Society
According to the BPS, how many core principles relate to ethics?
4 core principles
What is the first core principle of ethics according to the BPS?
Respect
What does the principle of Respect entail?
Recognition of the inherent worth of all human beings, regardless of differences
What is the second core principle of ethics according to the BPS?
Responsibility
What does the principle of Responsibility emphasize?
Valuing responsibilities to individuals, the public, and the profession of psychology
What is the third core principle of ethics according to the BPS?
Integrity
What does the principle of Integrity involve?
Being honest and accurate in actions, words, decisions, methods, and outcomes
What is the fourth core principle of ethics according to the BPS?
Not explicitly mentioned in the text
What is informed consent?
Participants being informed of aims, tasks, timings, etc., and signing a consent form
What should be done if a participant is under 16 years old regarding informed consent?
Consent must be given by their parents
What ethical issue may arise in observational studies?
Difficulty in obtaining informed consent
What does deception in research refer to?
Participants being misled in any way during the study
What right should participants be informed of in terms of withdrawal?
Right to withdraw from the research at any point
What must participants be informed about regarding their data?
Right to withdraw their data at a later date
What is a significant concern regarding the protection of participants?
Protection from harm
What should be used to protect participant confidentiality in reports?
Initials instead of names
What is a location where confidentiality should be maintained?
A place where participants do not expect to be observed
What is the first ethical guideline in dealing with ethical issues?
Fully informed consent
Under Childres consent from guerdion
What should be done if a decision leads to anger or upset?
Full debrief after
This indicates that the situation was inappropriate
What is required if harm in later life may occur?
Approval of independent advisors is needed
This emphasizes the importance of oversight in sensitive situations
What type of analysis is considered in ethical guidelines?
Cost-benefit analysis
Guidelines may be broken if the value of what is learned is worth the cost to participants
Who undertakes the cost-benefit analysis in research studies?
Ethics committee
This committee consists of experts who review studies
What can an ethics committee do if they find issues with a study?
Make changes to its design or procedure or sometimes deny the approval
This ensures that ethical standards are maintained
What is the consequence of violating ethical guidelines for psychologists?
Punishment or barring from practicing as a psychologist
This serves as a deterrent to unethical behavior
Fill in the blank: A group of experts reviewing the cost-benefit of a study is known as the _______.
ethics committee
True or False: Ethics committees consist of ordinary people.
False
They are composed of both experts and ordinary people
What is fully informed consent?
Gain fully informed consent through a consent form.
Who gives fully informed consent for children under 16?
The legal guardian.
What is presumptive consent?
Assuming consent from similar demographics if the researcher cannot gain it directly.
What is prior general consent?
Asking participants if they would agree to participate in future research without specifying the time.
What is retrospective consent?
Seeking consent from participants after the study for using their collected data.
When should deception be used in research?
Only if there is no alternative and participants must be debriefed.
What should researchers ensure before using deception?
That deceiving participants will cause no harm.
What happens if distress is caused by deception?
The study will be deemed unacceptable.
What is the right to withdraw?
Participants can withdraw before, during, and after the experiment.
What should be done if harm is happening during an experiment?
End the experiment.
What is one method to ensure confidentiality?
Use initials or aggregated data.
What does privacy in research entail?
Only observing people where they would be expected to be observed.
