Exodontia 1 Flashcards
What is the ideal chair position for extraction of maxillary teeth?
Chair tipped back until maxillary occlusal plane is 45-60 degrees to the floor.
Height of chair at or below the operator’s elbow level.
All maxillary and mandibular teeth dentist stands to the front and right/left of the patient.
Posterior mandibular teeth, dentist in front or behind and to the right/left of the patient.
What is the ideal chair position for extraction of mandibular teeth?
Patient positioned in more upright position with occlusal plane parallel to the floor.
Chair is lower than for extraction of maxillary teeth.
All maxillary and mandibular teeth dentist stands to the front and right/left of the patient.
Posterior mandibular teeth, dentist in front or behind and to the right/left of the patient.
How should the operator be positioned for exodontia?
Dentist to keep arms close to the body and provide stability and support.
Dentist to keep wrist straight and use the arm and the shoulder.
What is the role of the opposite hand in exodontia?
Supports the alveolar process and provides tactile information concerning the expansion of the alveolar process.
Supporting and stabilizing the mandible and retraction of soft tissue.
What are the components of the extraction forceps?
Handle hinge beak
How should forceps be held?
Palm under the forceps maxillary
Palm on top of forceps mandibular
What are the important technical information to note with tooth extractions?
Important to understand the morphology of the roots.
Periodontal fibres are severed to separate the tooth from bone e.g. elevators or periotomes
Socket is dilated either by applying a force to the bone with e.g. luxators or Coupland’s elevators with wedge-shaped blades that are driven along the periodontal membrane, or by
applying force to the root, which then expands its bony socket
Once tooth is mobile, extraction forceps are used to grasp it and apply buccal and lingual/ palatal forces and deliver the tooth outwards and occlusally
What are the mechanical principles of tooth extraction?
Expansion of bony socket
Use of fulcrum or lever (Coupland’s elevators)
Insertion of wedge
Wheel and axle
What is lever and fulcrum used for during extraction?
Elevates and separates tooth from periodontal membrane along with line of withdrawal.
Elevators are also used to lever root out of socket
Where is the wedge inserted when extracting?
Insertion of wedge occurs between tooth-root and bony socket (elevators or beaks of forceps to displace tooth occlusally)
Where is wheel and axle used during extraction?
Cryers and elevators when the handle is rotated are used to create a force on the blade of the elevator to elevate the tooth out of the socket.
Also used in conjunction with wedge or level principles.
Why shouldn’t extraction forceps be used prematurely?
To keep the axis of rotation of the tooth lower so that the apex doesn’t rotate causing fracture of the root.
What are upper universal forceps used for?
Maxillary right and left premolar teeth.
What are upper universal forceps used for?
Maxillary right and left premolar teeth.
What do upper universal forceps look like?
Blades are symmetrical
Forceps have a slightly curved shape
Concave part of the curved handle faces the palm, whilst the concave part of the beat is turned upwards
How should maxillary molars be extracted?
3 rooted teeth.
Palatal root diverges from the buccal 2 roots.
Stead buccal movement whilst maintaining upward pressure to deliver the tooth.
Palatal movement is contraindicated as it causes the palatal root to fracture.
What are bayonet forceps used for?
They are for the third molars which can be hard to reach often.
What are upper straight forceps used for?
Maxillary incisors and canines
Conical root therefore there is rotational movement.
What are the features of the upper inversal forceps?
Blades are symmetrical
Forceps have a slightly curved shape
Concave part of the curved handle facts the palm, the concave part of the beak is turned upwards
What are lower Hawks forceps used for?
Lower first and second molars
When are cowhorn extraction forceps used?
Used when grossly carious
Point of the beak is designed to grip the furcation of the molars.
How should deciduous teeth be extracted?
In the same way as permanent successors
Take care not to damage the follicle of developing premolar teeth when extracting a deciduous molar.
