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MUSC Physiology > EXM 1 Skin > Flashcards

EXM 1 Skin Flashcards

1
Q

Nails are made of_____.

A

Keratin

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2
Q

Hypooxygenation causes what in nails

A

clubbing

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3
Q

What layer of the skin does not have blood vessels?

A

Epidermis

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4
Q

Superficial most outer layer of skin

A

Epidermis

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5
Q

4 cell types that make up Epidermis

A

Keratinocytes, Melanocytes, Langerhan Cells, Merkel Cells

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6
Q

Which layer of skin does not contain blood vessels?

A

Epidermis

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7
Q

Protein sheet separating Epidermis from Dermis

A

Basement Membrane

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8
Q

Layer of skin that has thick connective tissue, nerves, blood vessels, and glands

A

Dermis

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9
Q

Layer of skin that has fat

A

Hypodermis

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10
Q

What does skin thickness vary by?

A

Location and age

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11
Q

Principle cell type of epidermis

A

keratinocyte

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12
Q

5 layers of strata

A 
stratum germinativum
stratum spinosum
stratum granulosum
stratum lucidum
stratum corneum
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13
Q

Layer of strata that is surface of skin

A

stratum corneum

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14
Q

layer of strata only present in thick skin (palms, soles)

A

stratum lucidum

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15
Q

layer of strata with granular appearance, has 3-5 layer of flattened keratinocytes

A

stratum granulosum

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16
Q

cytoplasmic production of keratin begins in this strata layer. “prickle cells”

A

stratum spinosum

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17
Q

layer of strata that has cell division

A

stratum germinativum

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18
Q

Cells that produce pigment to protect us from radiation

A

melanocytes

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19
Q

What differs in melanocytes between light and dark complected people?

A

amount of melanin produced (larger melanosomes), melanocytes do not differ nor do the amount.

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20
Q

what is melanin synthesized by?

A

amino acid tyrosinase

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21
Q

Immune antigen presenting cells in epidermis

A

Langerhan/ Dendritic cells

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22
Q

epidermal cell that is derived from monocyte and generated in bone marrow

A

Langerhan/ Dendritic cells

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23
Q

cells involved in contact hypersensitivity reactions

A

Langerhan/ Dendritic cells

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24
Q

Epidermal cells that establish contact with somatosensory afferent neurons

A

merkel cells

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25
Q

epidermal cells that serve as receptors for LIGHT TOUCH, discrimination of shapes and textures

A

merkel cells

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26
Q

Where are Merkel cells most abundant?

A

in sensitive area of the skin - fingertips, lips, genitalia

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27
Q

where are Merkel cells located in the epidermis?

A

strata germinativum

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28
Q

Site of blister formation

A

Basement Membrane

29
Q

Separates Epidermis from subcutaneous layer of fat

A

Dermis

30
Q

Major component of connective tissue in Dermis

A

Collagen type 1

31
Q

Why is scar tissue not flexible?

A

It is predominately cartilage

32
Q

How are fibers arranges in the papillary dermis?

A

irregular

33
Q

How are fibers arranges in the reticular dermis?

A

tightly bundles in a fascicle like pattern

34
Q

orientation of reticular dermis collagen fibers results in _____.

A

Langer’s Lines

35
Q

Incisions have the best cosmetic outcome when made ______ to langer’s lines

A

parallel

36
Q

Function of lymphatic vessels in dermis

A

remove interstitial fluid, contribute to immune defense

37
Q

What plexus is responsible for the pink color of your skin?

A

sub papillary plexus- perfuses the dermal papilla

38
Q

mechanoreceptor that mediates LIGHT TOUCH and pressure

A

messier corpuscles

39
Q

mechanoreceptor that mediates pressure, touch and vibration sensation

A

pacinian corpuscle

40
Q

mechanoreceptor that responds to stretching and distortion of skin

A

ruffian’s corpuscles

41
Q

mechanoreceptor located in the papillary dermis

A

messier corpuscles

42
Q

mechanoreceptors located in the reticular dermis

A

ruffian’s corpuscles, pacinian corpuscle

43
Q

sensory receptors that synapse with sensory neurons

A

mechanoreceptors

44
Q

sensory nerve receptors that respond to potentially damaging stimuli

A

nociceptors

45
Q

receptors that transmit temperature, pain, and itch sensations

A

nociceptors

46
Q

How is a nociceptor signal sent?

A

by sensory nerve fibers to CNS through the dorsal root and trigeminal ganglia

47
Q

lowest level of pain

A

itch

48
Q

nociceptor signals are enhanced by what 3 substances?

A

prostaglandins, kinin system, substance p

49
Q

where to nociceptors terminate?

A

in the papillary dermis and around hair follicles

50
Q

dermal immune cells that have role in wound healing, blood clotting, and inflammation

A

dermal dendritic cells (langerhans cells)

51
Q

in dermis, these cells stimulate hypersensitivity reactions/ allergic reactions

A

mast cells

52
Q

mast cells secrete ______ in allergic response

A

histamine

53
Q

histamine release causes what 3 things?

A

inflammation, swelling, and vasodilation

54
Q

Sweat glands that open directly onto skin surface

A

Eccrine

55
Q

Sweat glands that open into hair follicle

A

Apocrine

56
Q

Why is body odor produced?

A

when bacteria metabolize fatty acid they cause body odor

57
Q

purpose of apocrine glands

A

to prevent bacterial growth

58
Q

Where are sebaceous glands not found?

A

palms, soles, side of feet

59
Q

What is included in the pilosebaceous unit

A

hair, sebaceous gland, arrestor pili muscle- enclosed in collagen sheath

60
Q

Hair is composed of _____.

A

keratin

61
Q

fine, fetal hair

A

lanugo hair

62
Q

fine, pre-pubertal body hair

A

Vellus hair

63
Q

course, mature hair

A

Terminal hair

64
Q

90% of hair follicles are in this hair cycle?

A

Anagen

65
Q

hair cycle for active growth

A

Anagen

66
Q

1% of hair in this cycle of hair growth, hair is loosely attached

A

Catagen

67
Q

10% of hair in this cycle, no growth

A

Telogen

68
Q

Losing more hair than normal can be sign of _____.

A

Hypothyroidism

69
Q

layer of strata (epidermis) the cuticle is

A

stratum corneum

MUSC Physiology (12 decks)

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