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Parasitology [LAB] > Exercise No. 6b > Flashcards

Exercise No. 6b Flashcards

1
Q

Entamoeba histolytica Trophozoite Size

A

10-60 µm (ave: 15-20 µm)

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2
Q

Entamoeba histolytica Trophozoite Motility and Pseudopodia

A

Progressive, rapid, unidirectional motility; with hyaline, fingerlike pseudopodia formed rapidly

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3
Q

Entamoeba histolytica Trophozoite Nucleus Number

A

1

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4
Q

Entamoeba histolytica Trophozoite Peripheral chromatin

A

Fine granules, uniform in size and usually evenly distributed; may have beaded appearance

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5
Q

Entamoeba histolytica Trophozoite Karyosome

A

Small, compact, centrally located

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6
Q

Entamoeba histolytica Trophozoite Linin network

A

The space between the karyosome and the nuclear membrane is traversed by fine thread of linin network giving a radial spokeswheel or cartwheel appearance.

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7
Q

Entamoeba histolytica Trophozoite Cytoplasm Appearance

A

Finely granular, “ground-glass” appearance; clear differentiation into a clear ectoplasm and more granular endoplasm; if present, vacuoles are usually very small

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8
Q

Entamoeba histolytica Trophozoite Inclusions

A

RBCs are diagnostic; few ingested bacteria or debris in vacuoles

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9
Q

Entamoeba histolytica Cyst Size

A

10-20 µm (12-15 µm)

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10
Q

Entamoeba histolytica Cyst Shape

A

Usually spherical

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11
Q

Entamoeba histolytica Cyst Nucleus Number

A

1-4; mature cyst contains 4 nuclei

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12
Q

Entamoeba histolytica Cyst Peripheral chromatin

A

Similar to that seen in trophozoite

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13
Q

Entamoeba histolytica Cyst Karyosome

A

Similar to that seen in trophozoite

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14
Q

Entamoeba histolytica Cyst Cytoplasm Chromatoidal bodiesMay be present; usually elongate with blunt, rounded, smooth ends (cigarshaped); may be round or oval.

A
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15
Q

Entamoeba histolytica Cyst Glycogen vacuole

A

May be present, usually diffuse, stains reddish brown with iodine.

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16
Q

is morphologically indistinguishable from E. histolytica and should be reported as E. histolytica/E. dispar unless ingested red blood cells are seen, suggesting E. histolytica infection.

A

Entamoeba dispar

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17
Q

The DNA and ribosomal RNA , and isoenzyme pattern of (?) is different from that of E. histolytica.

A

E. dispar

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18
Q

Unlike E. histolytica, E. dispar is (?).

A

nonpathogenic.

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19
Q

The ratio of E. dispar to E. histolytica in most developing countries can be as high as (?) in a community setting.

A

10:1

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20
Q

It is performed for diagnosis of intestinal amoebiasis.

A

Stool examination

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21
Q

It is not of value in the diagnosis of extraintestinal amoebiasis.

A

Stool examination

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22
Q

E. histolytica cyst can be detected in stool in less than 15% cases of amoebic hepatitis.

A

Stool examination

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23
Q

: This is a standard method for routine O & P exam. Trophozoites are primarily recovered from stools that are of soft, liquid, or loose consistency.

A

Formed stool specimens are more likely to contain cysts.

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24
Q

Saline mount of fresh unfixed stool demonstrates motile trophozoites, or cysts while iodine preparation primarily demonstrates the cysts only.

A

Direct fecal smear (DFS)

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25
Q

When patient is suspected of having intestinal amoebiasis, 6 specimens is recommended (however, is rarely requested) and collected on separate days within 14-day period: 3 specimens collected from normal bowel movement and 3 specimens collected after catharsis/purge.

A

Direct fecal smear (DFS)

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26
Q

Formed stool specimens are more likely to contain cysts.

A

Direct fecal smear (DFS)

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27
Q

Few, Numerous

A

Bacteria

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28
Q

Scanty, well-preserved; Numerous, degenerated

A

Pus cells

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29
Q

Often in rouleaux; Unaltered, scattered

A

RBC

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30
Q

NOT a feature; May be numerous (may have RBC)

A

Macrophage

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31
Q

May be present; Absent

A

Charcot-Leyden crystals

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32
Q

Present; Absent

A

Trophozoite

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33
Q

There are two types of concentration procedures:

A

flotation and sedimentation

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34
Q

Cysts may be seen and identified, but trophozoites are not likely to be seen. Therefore, this is recommended for isolation and identification of amoebae in non-diarrheic stool.

A

Stool concentration

35
Q

It is considered the best practice in the diagnosis of protozoa because it allows examination and recognition of the detailed morphology of the trophozoites or cysts.

A

Permanent staining

36
Q

It provides contrasting colors for the parasites and the background. The parasite is examined under high magnification by oil-immersion technique.

A

Permanent staining

37
Q

The parasite is examined under high magnification by (?) technique.

A

oil-immersion

38
Q

Blue-green, sometimes light pink or with a tinge of purple; Slightly more purple

A

TRICHROME

39
Q

Red, sometimes with a tinge of purple

A

TRICHROME

40
Q

Green, provides nice contrast with the protozoa

A

TRICHROME

41
Q

Blue-gray; Blue-gray

A

IRON HEMATOXYLIN

42
Q

Darker than cytoplasm, bluegray to black

A

IRON HEMATOXYLIN

43
Q

Lighter shade of blue-gray

A

IRON HEMATOXYLIN

44
Q

Scraping obtained is often contributory.

A

Examination of sigmoidoscopy specimen

45
Q

Examination method includes a direct wet mount and permanent staining.

A

Examination of sigmoidoscopy specimen

46
Q

Liver abscess material, may be processed and examined in the same manner. Microscopic examination of pus aspirated from liver abscess may demonstrate trophozoite of E. histolytica in less than 20% cases.

A

Examination of sigmoidoscopy specimen

47
Q

In case of liver abscess, when diagnostic aspiration is done, the pus obtained from the center of the abscess may not contain amoeba as they are confined to the periphery.

A

Examination of sigmoidoscopy specimen

48
Q

The fluid draining after a day or two is more likely to contain the trophozoite. Aspirates from the margins of the abscess would also show the trophozoites.

A

Examination of sigmoidoscopy specimen

49
Q

Cysts are never seen in extraintestinal lesions. Trophozoite of E. histolytica may be demonstrated in liver biopsy specimen, in case of hepatic amoebiasis or amoebic hepatitis.

A

Examination of sigmoidoscopy specimen

50
Q

It is a more sensitive method in diagnosing chronic and asymptomatic intestinal amoebiasis.

A

Stool Culture

51
Q

(?) yields higher positivity for E. histolytica as compared to direct examination.

A

Culture of stools

52
Q

Media used for polyxenic culture include:

A
  • Boeck and Drbohlav’s biphasic medium - NIH polygenic medium - Craig’s medium - Nelson’s medium - Robinson’s medium - Balamuth’s medium.
53
Q

Medium for axenic culture:

A
  • Diamond’s medium
54
Q

Amebic antibodies appear in serum only in late stages of intestinal amebiasis.

A

Antibody detection

55
Q

Test for antibodies in serum help in the diagnosis of mainly extraintestinal infections.

A

Antibody detection

56
Q

An(?) for stool is now commercially available.

A

ELISA-based assay

57
Q

In reference diagnostic laboratories, molecular analysis by conventional PCR-based assays or real-time PCR is the method of choice for discriminating between E. histolytica and E. dispar

A

Molecular diagnosis

58
Q

X-ray, ultrasonography (USG), computed tomography (CT) scan, or magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of liver may be found useful in detection of amebic liver abscess.

A

Radiologic examination

59
Q

The three genera of amoeba can be distinguished from each other by the structure of nucleus.

A

Small compact karyosome; Large irregular karyosome; Large circular karyosome

60
Q

(?) central or eccentrically located; nuclear membrane lined with peripheral chromatin.

A

Small compact karyosome of Commensal Amoebae

61
Q

(?) attached to the nuclear membrane by fibrils radiating to the periphery; no peripheral chromatin.

A

Large irregular karyosome of Commensal Amoebae

62
Q

(?) surrounded by refractile achromatic granules called periendosomes; no peripheral chromatin.

A

Large circular karyosome of Commensal Amoebae

63
Q

5-12 µm (ave. 8-10 µm)

A

Entamoeba hartmanni

64
Q

10-50 µm (ave. 20-25 µm)

A

Entamoeba coli

65
Q

5-20 µm (ave. 10-15 µm)

A

Entamoeba gingivalis

66
Q

6-15 µm (ave. 8-10 µm)

A

Endolimax nana

67
Q

6-20 µm (ave.12-15 µm)

A

odamoeba butschlii

68
Q

Less progressive motility; with hyaline, fingerlike pseudopodia formed rapidly

A

Entamoeba hartmanni

69
Q

Nonprogressive, sluggish, nondirectional motility; with blunt, usually granular pseudopodia formed slowly

A

Entamoeba coli

70
Q

Moderately active, progressive; with multiple pseudopodia , vary from long, and lobose to short and blunt, often formed rapidly

A

Entamoeba gingivalis

71
Q

Sluggish, moderately progressive; with blunt, hyaline pseudopodia formed slowly

A

Iodamoeba butschlii

72
Q

Fine granules, uniform in size and usually evenly distributed; may have beaded appearance

A

Entamoeba hartmanni

73
Q

Usually clumped and unevenly arranged on the membrane; may also appear as solid, dark ring with no beads or clumps

A

Entamoeba coli

74
Q

Fine granules, closely packed

A

Entamoeba gingivalis

75
Q

NONE

A

Endolimax nana, Iodamoeba butschlii

76
Q

Small, compact, centrally located, may be eccentric

A

Entamoeba hartmanni

77
Q

Moderately large, not compact, usually eccentrically located

A

Entamoeba coli

78
Q

Small, welldefined, usually centrally located

A

Entamoeba gingivalis

79
Q

Large, irregularlyshaped,centrally or eccentrically located; may appear “blotlike”; many nuclear variations are common

A

Endolimax nana

80
Q

Large, usually central, surrounded by refractile achromatic granules that are difficult to see

A

Iodamoeba butschlii

81
Q

Finely granular, “ground-glass” appearance; clear differentiation into a clear ectoplasm and more granular endoplasm; if present, vacuoles are usually very small

A

Entamoeba hartmanni

82
Q

Granular, with little differentiation between ectoplasm and endoplasm; with few to numerous vacuoles

A

Entamoeba coli

83
Q

Finely granular, vacuolated

A

Entamoeba gingivalis

84
Q

Granular, vacuolated

A

Endolimax nana

Parasitology [LAB] (15 decks)

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