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GCSE PE > Exercise, fitness and training > Flashcards

Exercise, fitness and training Flashcards

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1
Q

Aerobic

A

‘With oxygen’. If exercise is not too intense and is ‘steady’, the heart can supply all the oxygen muscles need.

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2
Q

Aerobic energy

A

Energy expended over a long period of time which requires oxygen

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3
Q

Agility

A

The ability to move the body in space at speed under control.

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4
Q

Anaerobic energy

A

energy expended in short bursts, which does not require oxygen

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5
Q

Balance

A

The ability to retain the body’s centre of mass (gravity) above the base of support with reference to static (stationary), or dynamic (changing), conditions of movement, shape and orientation.

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6
Q

Body composition

A

The percentage of body weight which is fat, muscle and bone.

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7
Q

Cardiac output

A

The amount of blood ejected from the heart in one minute.

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8
Q

Cardiovascular endurance

A

The ability of the heart and lungs to operate efficiently during an endurance event

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9
Q

Cardiovascular fitness

A

The ability to exercise the entire body for long periods of time.

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10
Q

Circuit training

A

A method of training that usually uses body weight as the resistance. A circuit would consists of several stations, each with a different activity - press ups, star jumps, shuttle runs etc.

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11
Q

Co-ordination

A

The ability to properly control your body when performing an action. Usually associated with moving two or more body parts at the same time

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12
Q

Concentric contraction

A

When a muscle shortens and gets fatter as it contracts

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13
Q

Concussion

A

A head injury which may cause a person to become unconscious, dizzy or disorientated

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14
Q

Coordination

A

The ability to use two or more body parts together.

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15
Q

Continuous training

A

A method of training that seeks to maintain a steady heart rate for a prolonged period of time. The intensity could be low, medium or even high staying below the anaerobic threshold.

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16
Q

Dynamometer

A

A device used to measure strength

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17
Q

Eccentric contraction

A

Where a muscle is in a state of contraction but increases in length. (E.g. lowering a biceps curl)

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18
Q

Ectomorph

A

A somatotype, individuals with narrow shoulders and narrow hips, characterised by thinness.

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19
Q

Endomorph

A

A body type characterised by a round shape, often short with a high proportion of body mass as fat

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20
Q

Endurance

A

An ability of performers to keep going with a movement or activity for a prolonged period of time

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21
Q

Exercise

A

A form of physical activity done to maintain or improve health and/or physical fitness, it is not competitive sport.

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22
Q

Fast twitch muscle fibre

A

Muscle fibres which contract very rapidly but are quickly exhausted

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23
Q

Fartlek

A

A training method where the intensity is ‘palyed with’. Good for games players whose intensity will change during the course of a game.

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24
Q

Fitness

A

The ability to meet the demands of the environment.

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25
Q

Fitness

A

A variety of factors which combine to give a sportsperson an efficient body, able to cope with the demands of the environment

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26
Q

FITT

A

Frequency, intensity, time, type (used to increase the amount of work the body does, in order to achieve overload).

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27
Q

Flexibility

A

The range of movement possible at a joint.

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28
Q

Heart rate

A

The number of times the heart beats each minute.

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29
Q

Individual differences/needs

A

Matching training to the requirements of an individual.

30
Q

Interval training

A

A method of training that involves hgih intensity bursts of activity followed by a period of rest and recovery. Short sprints with a walk back would be a simple example.

31
Q

Isokinetic training

A

Training using specialised machinery where resistance against muscles is variable.

32
Q

Isometric contractions

A

Muscle contraction which results in increased tension but the length does not alter, for example, when pressing against a stationary object.

33
Q

Isotonic contraction

A

Muscle contraction that results in limb movement and the muscle shortening and lengthening during the movement

34
Q

Mesomorph

A

A somatotype, individuals with wide shoulders and narrow hips, characterised by muscularity.

35
Q

Methods of training

A

Interval training, continuous training, circuit training, weight training, Fartlek training, cross training.

36
Q

Muscle tone

A

The tension which remains in the muscles even at rest.

37
Q

Muscular endurance

A

The ability to use voluntary muscles many times without getting tired.

38
Q

Muscular endurance

A

The amount of dynamic strength in a muscle, its ability to keep working for long periods.

39
Q

Muscular fatigue

A

The state of a muscle when it can no longer contract.

40
Q

Muscular strength

A

The amount of force a muscle can exert against a resistance.

41
Q

Progressive Overload

A

Fitness can only be improved through training more than you normally do.

42
Q

Oxygen debt

A

The amount of oxygen consumed during recovery above that which would have ordinarily been consumed in the same time at rest (this results in a shortfall in the oxygen available).

43
Q

PAR-Q

A

Physical activity readiness questionnaire.

44
Q

Passive stretching

A

Flexibility exercise where a performer stretches by pushing against something.

45
Q

Peak

A

Physical condition in which an athlete is at the best of their ability.

46
Q

Power

A

The ability to do strength performances quickly (power = strength x speed).

47
Q

Progressive overload

A

To gradually increase the amount of overload so that fitness gains occur, but without potential for injury.

48
Q

Pulse raisers

A

Exercises designed to increase the heart rate.

49
Q

Pulse rate

A

The rate per minute at which the heart beats.

50
Q

Reaction time

A

The time between the presentation of a stimulus and the onset of a movement.

51
Q

Recovery

A

The time required for the repair of damage to the body caused by training or competition.

52
Q

Rest

A

The period of time allotted to recovery.

53
Q

Reversibility

A

Any adaptation that takes place as a consequence of training will be reversed when you stop training.

54
Q

Sedentary

A

Sitting down or being physically inactive for long periods of time.

55
Q

Skill

A

An ability to perform certain activities or movements with control or consistency to bring about a desired result.

56
Q

Slow twitch fibre

A

Red fibres in skeletal muscles which contract slowly and repeatedly for long periods.

57
Q

Sets

A

A group of repetitions in weight training

58
Q

Repetitions

A

A complete movement (up and down) during weight training

59
Q

SMART

A

Specific, measurable, achievable, realistic, time-bound.

60
Q

Somatotype

A

Body types (see ectomorph, endomorph, mesomorph)

61
Q

Somatotypes

A

Classification of body type.

62
Q

Specificity

A

Matching training to the requirements of an activity.

63
Q

Speed

A

The differential rate at which an individual is able to perform a movement or cover a distance in a period of time.

64
Q

Standing broad jump

A

A two-footed jump forwards, starting from a squat position.

65
Q

Station

A

A place or area which is part of a circuit used in circuit training.

66
Q

Target zone

A

The range within which an individual needs to work for aerobic training to take place (60-80 per cent of maximum heart rate).

67
Q

Co-ordination

A

The ability to use two or more body parts together.

68
Q

Training

A

A well-planned programme which uses scientific principles to improve performance, skill, game ability and motor and physical fitness.

69
Q

Warm down

A

A period of gentle exercise after taking part in a physical activity to allow the body to recover safely and return to its normal state.

70
Q

Warm up

A

A preparation period before taking part in a physical activity.

71
Q

Weight training

A

A method of training that uses either free weights or weight training machine to provide resistance to a particular muscle group. The intensity of the weight training can be changed via the amount of weight or the number of sets and repetitions.

GCSE PE (9 decks)

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