Exercise & Cytokines Flashcards
What is a cytokine ?
Messenger molecules communicating information between white blood cells.
What are the functions of IL-6, IL-1 and TNF-a?
IL-6: Induces fever, downregulates IL-1 and TNF-α production
IL-1 and TNF-α: Activate natural killer (NK) cells, cause leukocyte recruitment, development of T cells
How are cytokines produced from monocytes// macrophages ?
bacteria has LPS on its surface.
This binds to CD14 receptor on monocyte.
this results in the release of IL6, IL1 AND TNF-a.
How do T-cells triggered into releasing cytokines ?
The T-cell receptor interacts with the MHC II of the antigen presenting cell.
from here it will the Produce the necessary cytokines such as INF-y, IL2, IL4
What are the effects of IFN-y, IL2 and IL4.
IFN-γ: Development towards cell mediated immunity (macrophage priming, natural killer (NK) cell activation)
IL-2: Activates NK cells, lymphocyte proliferation
IL-4: Development towards humoral immunity (production of antibody).
What are the pro and anti inflammatory cytokines ?
PRO
IL1, IL6, IL8, TNF-a, CRP,
ANTI
IL1-ra, IL6, IL10, CRP, CORTISOL
What is a major determinant of IL6 concentrations in the body?
Exercise. It is released during exercise.
It is also released more predominantly by type 2 fibers.
Duration of exercise is equal, how can IL6 expression be increased?
Work at a higher intensity.
But duration is the major driver.
What is another important mechanism of IL6 production ?
Body temperate.
cold water blunted the production.
Why does CHO depletion effect IL6?`
When depleted during exercise IL6 transcription increases.
What can Increase IL6 ?
Muscle damage Rise in intracellular Ca2 Adrenalin Temp Glycogen depletion Free radical's
How does IL6 help regulate metabolism ?
During exercise when IL6 is produced by the muscles it can stimulate the brain and liver to breakdown more glycogen in to glucose and circulate it to the muscles.
Moreover, it will simulate the release of FFA from adipose tissue that can be used for energy.
