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excretory products Flashcards

1
Q

most toxic nitrogenous waste is

A

ammonia

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2
Q

least toxic nitrogenous waste is

A

uric acid

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3
Q

ammonia is lost through _____ in fish

A

diffusion from body surface, gills as ammonium ions

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4
Q

ammonotelic organisms are

A

osteichthytes, aquatic amphibians, aquatic insects

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5
Q

ureotelic organisms are

A

mammals, land amphibians, chondrichthytes

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6
Q

uricotelic organisms are

A

land insects, birds, reptiles, land snails

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7
Q

ornithine cycle in liver converts ____ into ____

A

ammonia + co2 to urea

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8
Q

excretory organs are absent in

A

echinodermata

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9
Q

prawns excrete through

A

antennal gland and green gland

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10
Q

left kidney is located

A

slightly higher than left

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11
Q

length of kidney

A

10-12 cm

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12
Q

width of kidney

A

5-6 cm

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13
Q

thickness of kidney

A

2-3 cm

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14
Q

weight of kidney

A

120- 170 g

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15
Q

peritubular capillaries arise from

A

efferent arteriole

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16
Q

efferent arteriole is ____ than afferent

A

thinner

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17
Q

GFR is

A

125 ml/min or 180L/day

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18
Q

cells of bowman’s capsule are called

A

podocytes

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19
Q

juxtaglomerular apparatus is located between ___

A

afferent arteriole and DCT

20
Q

amount of urine excreted per day is

21
Q

amount of urea excreted per day is

22
Q

PCT reabsorbs ___

A

70-80% electrolytes and water

23
Q

glucose is a ____ substance and is absorbed _____

A

high threshold; actively

24
Q

creatine is a ____ and is absorbed ____

A

low threshold; passively

25
Q

descending limb is _____ to water and ____ to salts

A

permeable; impermeable

26
Q

osmolarity in the cortex is

A

300 mOsmol

27
Q

osmolarity in medulla is

A

1200 mOsmol

28
Q

release of urine involves the simultaneous

A

contraction of urinary bladder + relaxation of urethral sphincter

29
Q

amount of co2 excreted by lungs is

A

200 ml/min

30
Q

pH of urine is

31
Q

heparin is an

A

anticoagulant

32
Q

in dialysis, blood is taken from a suitable ___

33
Q

dialyzing fluid has the same constitution as plasma except that ____

A

urea is absent

34
Q

the membrane of dialysing tube is

A

cellophane membrane

35
Q

renal caliculi are

A

calcium oxalate crystals

36
Q

glomerular filtrate is

37
Q

pct filtrate is

38
Q

ascending limb filtrate is

39
Q

descending limb filtrate is

A

hypertonic

40
Q

dct filtrate is

A

hypertonic

41
Q

urea is excreted into the ____

A

ascending limb

42
Q

urea is transported into the interstitium by

A

collecting duct

43
Q

Amphioxus excrete through

A

Protonephridia

44
Q

Notch of kidney

45
Q

Renal pelvis is

A

Broad funnel shaped space

46
Q

Extensions of cortex

A

Columns of bertini

neet (15 decks)

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