body fluids and circulation Flashcards
plasma constitutes ____ of blood
55%
plasma contains ____ of water and ____ of proteins
90-92% water and 6-8% proteins
globulins help in ____ and albumins in _____ and fibrinogens in ____
defense; osmoregulation; clotting
plasma without clotting factors ___
serum
number of RBC is
5.5 - 5.6 million per mm3
lifespan of rbc is
120 days
number of wbc is
6000-8000 per mm3
granulocytes are ___
neutrophils, basophils, eosinophils
agranulocytes are ___
monocytes and lymphocytes
% of neutrophils
60-68%
% of eosinophils
2-3%
% of basophils
0.5-1%
% of monocytes
6-8%
% of lymphocytes
20-25%
nucleus of monocytes is
cup shaped
nucleus of basophils
s shaped
nucleus of neutrophils
multilobed
nucleus of eosinophils
headphone and bilobed
number of thrombocytes is
1.5-3.5 million per mm3
blood group with no antigens on rbc
O
Blood group with no antibodies in plasma
AB
universal donor is
O-
universal acceptor is
AB+
erthyroblastosis foetalis occurs when
mother is Rh - and child is Rh +
erthyroblastosis foetalis can be prevented by administering ____
anti Rh antibodies to mother after first pregnancy
prothrombin to thrombin is catalysed by
thrombokinase
thrombin is synthesised in the
liver
clot includes
fibrins + damaged blood cells
fibrinogen activated by ____ with the help of ____
thrombin; Ca2+
lymph does not contain
large proteins and blood cells
middleman of circulatory system is
lymph
fats are absorbed through ____
lacteals in intestinal villi
lymph collects fluid which leaks from ____ and drains it into ____
capillaries; major veins
inter-atrial septum is
thin muscular
inter-ventricular septum is
thick muscular
atrio-ventricular septum is
thick and fibrous
tricuspid is between
right atria and ventricle
bicuspid/mitral between
left atria and ventricle
sino atrial node is located on the….
right upper corner of the right atria
minute fibres arising from AVN is known as
purkinje fibres
number of action potentials generated by SAN
70-75 beats per min
during atrial diastole ___% of blood is moved into ventricles _____
70%; passively
during atrial systole __% of blood moves into ventricles ____
30%; actively
valves are connected to the muscles by
chordae tendineae
heart rate =
72 bpm
stroke volume =
70 ml per systole
cardiac output =
stroke volume x heart rate (5L)
first heart sound is ___ and it indicates ___
lub; closure of bicuspid and tricuspid during ventricular systole
second heart sound is ___ and it indicates ___
dub; closure of semilunar during atrial dystole
the instrument used to measure heart activity is
electrocardiograph
during ecg, a patient is connected to three electrical leads in ___
both wrists and left ankle
p wave represents
depolarisation of atria (systole)
qrs complex represents
depolarisation of ventricle (systole)
t wave representss
repolarisation of ventricle (diastole)
heart rate in an electrocardiogram is given by
number of QRS complexes
tunica media consists of ___
smooth muscles and elastic fibres
atherosclerosis is
high blood pressure in coronary artery due to deposition of fats, calcium, cholestrol
heart attack is
sudden damage to heart wall due to insufficient blood supply
heart failure is
inability of heart to pump blood effectively
main symptom of heart failure is
congestion of lungs
angina pectoris is
acute chest pain due to insufficient oxygen to heart muscle