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Chemical coordination Flashcards

1
Q

Describe hormone

A

Non nutrient intracellular messengers in trace amounts

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2
Q

First hormone ____ by

A

Secretin; starling and bayliss

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3
Q

Father of endocrinology

A

Thomas Addison

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4
Q

Ectodermal glands

A

Hypo, pituitary, pineal and adrenal medulla

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5
Q

Pituitary gland is called

A

Master gland

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6
Q

Pituitary located in

A

Sella tursica

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7
Q

Adenohypophysis is ____ pituitary and releases ____

A

Anterior; GH, TSH, ACTH, FSH, LH, MSH, PRL

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8
Q

Pars distalis releases ____ and Pars intermedia releases ____

A

GH ACTH TSH LH FSH; MSH AND PRL

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9
Q

Neurohypophyses release

A

Oxytocin and vasopressin (ADH)

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10
Q

Overstimulation of growth hormone in baby and in adult

A

Gigantism; Acromegaly

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11
Q

Under stimulation of Growth Hormone

A

Dwarfism

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12
Q

Vasopressin also called

A

Anti diuretic hormone

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13
Q

Diabetes insipidus caused by

A

Hyposecretion of ADH

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14
Q

Pituitary and hypothalamus connected by

A

Stalk infundibulum

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15
Q

Adeno and hypo by

A

Hypophyseal portal system

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16
Q

Neuro and hypo by

A

Neural connections

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17
Q

Hypothalamus called

A

Supreme Commander

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18
Q

Hypothalamus stores hormones in

A

Hypothalamic nuclei

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19
Q

Neurohypophyses hormones are

A

Produced by hypothalamus and stored in neuro

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20
Q

Pineal located in

A

Dorsal forebrain

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21
Q

Pineal secretes

A

Melatonin

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22
Q

Biological clock of body

A

Pineal

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23
Q

Melatonin function

A

24 hour diurnal, pigmentation, menstruation, immunity, antioxidant

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24
Q

Biggest gland

A

Thyroid

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25
Q

Gland able to store hormone in large amounts

A

Thyroid

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26
Q

Two types of cells in thyroid

A

Follicular (T3 T4) and stromal (Thyrocalcitonin)

27
Q

Thyroxin is

28
Q

TCT functions

A

Hypocalcemic, bone deposition, Ca2+ secretion

29
Q

Thyroxine function

A

Menstrual cycle, Mental growth, BMR, RBC formation

30
Q

Hypothyroidism in adult

31
Q

Hypothyroidism in baby

32
Q

Low iodine diet cause

A

Goitre simple

33
Q

Hashimoto disease

A

Autoimmune disorder of thyroid

34
Q

Hyperthyroidism

A

Exothalmic goitre (Graves)

35
Q

Parathyroid

A

4 lobes on thyroid

36
Q

Parathermone function

A

Hypercalcemic, bone resorption, Ca2+ absorption

37
Q

Thymus location

A

Heart, ventral to aorta

38
Q

Thymosin function

A

T lymphocyte production and maturation

39
Q

Gland which degenerates with age

40
Q

Adrenal cortex layers

A

Zona glomerulosa, fasiculata, reticularis

41
Q

Mineralocorticoids released by

A

Aldosterone, zona glomerulosa

42
Q

Aldosterone function

A

Reabsorption of water and Na2+, electrolytes balance

43
Q

Glucocorticoids released by

A

Cortisol, zona fasiculata

44
Q

Cortisol function

A

glycogenolysis, Gluconeogenesis (hyperglycemic) proteo/lipolysis, anti inflammatory response, RBC production, inhibits cellular uptake of Amino acids

45
Q

Sex corticosteroid released by

A

Zona reticularis

46
Q

Addisons disease caused by

A

Low corticosteroids

47
Q

Cushings disease by

A

Low cortisol

48
Q

aldosteronism caused by

A

Conns, low aldosterone

49
Q

Adrenal medulla release

A

Adrenaline, Noradrenaline

50
Q

Adrenaline function

A

Increase heart rate, stress hormone, glucose increase

51
Q

Exocrine pancreas

A

Pancreatitis acini (98%) HCO3-

52
Q

Endocrine pancreas

A

Islets of langerhans

53
Q

Alpha cells release

54
Q

Beta cells release

55
Q

Gamma cells release

A

Somatostatin

56
Q

Glucagon function

A

Hyperglycemic, glycogenolysis, gluconeogenesis, proteolipolysis, inhibit cellular uptake of Aa

57
Q

Insulin function

A

Hypoglycemic, glycogenesis, stimulate uptake

58
Q

Diabetes mellitus caused by

A

Low insulin, glycosuria, ketonuria

58
Q

Testosterone and metabolism

A

Anabolic effect of carb and protein

59
Q

Pregnancy hormone

A

Progesterone

60
Q

Gastrin function

A

Gastric gland to release pepsin and HCl

61
Q

Secretin function

A

Pancreas to secrete HCO3-

62
Q

Gastric inhibitory peptide

neet (15 decks)

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