Excretion

Question 1

What is the main organ involved in excretion?

Answer 1

Kidney with drugs being excreted via urine

Question 2

Explain renal excretion

Answer 2

small non-protein bound molecules are filtered though the glomerulus and into the bowmans capsule. These are tehn excreted in urine.
Poor blood supply to kidneys or kidney disease/damage will lead to reduced drug excretion. This means animals with renal disease, elderly, heart disease may need lower doses of some drugs

Question 3

Explain liver excretion

Answer 3

Drug metanolites are screted into bile which eventually ends up in the small intestine
Most is passed out in the faeces

Question 4

Where can drugs be excreted from?

Answer 4

Urine, faeces, respiratory tract or via milk

Question 5

What are adverse reactions?

Answer 5

This is when a drug causes an undesirable effect, some may be mild whilst others may be fatal to the animal

Question 6

Give examples of adverse reactions

Answer 6

unsuitable for I/M admin - may cause pain and swelling to muscle
Given orally and irriate GI tract and cause vomiting or diarrhoea
IV route - can leak from vein into surrounding tissues causing inflammation and damge to surrounding area
Drugs given too fast can cause anaphylactic shock
Drugs given IV that aren’t meant too can cause anaphylactic shock