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Pharmacology > Drug Administration > Flashcards

Drug Administration Flashcards

1
Q

What are the routes of administration?

A 
Oral 
Subcutaneous 
Intramuscular 
Intravenous 
Topical
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2
Q

How can drugs be given orally?

A

Solids - tablets, capsules, granules
Liquids - solution, suspension, emulsion, linctus
Sublingual

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3
Q

What is a tablet

A

Powederes drugs compressed into discs, oral med

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4
Q

What is a capsule?

A

drug contained within a gelatine container, oral med

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5
Q

What are granules?

A

Usually mixed with feed, oral med

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6
Q

Advantages of oral medication?

A

Method of choice
Can be treated in familiar surrondings
Easy to administer, can be done by clients at home

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7
Q

What is a solution?

A

Oral med, drug dissolved in a solvent

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8
Q

What is a suspension?

A

Oral med, insouluble drug in a liquid base

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9
Q

What is an emulsion?

A

Oral med, mixture of 2 immiscible liquids

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10
Q

What is a linctus?

A

Oral med, drug within a concentrated sugar solution

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11
Q

What is a sublingual medication?

Explain reasons for use

A

Oral med, given under the tongue
Used little in vet medicine
Good for use in anaesthesia pateinets as it avoids first pass metabolism in the liver so less of the drug is required

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12
Q

What can be given via rectal route?

A

enema

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13
Q

What are disadvantages of oral administration?

A 
Aspiration of medication 
Gastro-instestinal irritation 
Person administering could be bitten 
Poor patient compliance due to bitter taste 
Not suitable for vomiting patient 
Slow absorption
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14
Q

What does parental administration refer to?

A

A route other than the mouth usually injection

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15
Q

What must any drug given paretnally be?

A

Sterile and applied to a clean area
Needles must also be sterile and sharp and only used once to avoid cross contamination
An appropriate sized needle should be used

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16
Q

What is a subcutaneous injection and what is it used for?

A

A drug given into connective tissue below the skin
Usually at the back of the neck
Used for non-irritant water soluble substances
Drug absorption slower than that of other injection methods

17
Q

What is a intramuscular injection and what is it used for?

A

DRug injected directly into a muscle body
Often into hind legs or back muscle
Can be painful but absorbed more rapidly than by s/c injection
Oily solutions, aqueous suspensions and irritating drugs should be administered by I/m injection
Drug dissolves in tissue fluid surrounding muscle cells and is then absorbed into the blood capillaries supplying the muscle

18
Q

What is a intravenous injection and what is it used for?

A

drug is injected into a surface vein - often cephalic
Drug administered directly into blood stream
Very rapid action
Need less drug as 100% bioavailability
Skill required

19
Q

What are the injection methods?

A 
Subcutaneous 
Intramuscular 
Intravenous 
Intraarticular 
Intradermal 
Intra-osseus 
Epidural
20
Q

What are the benefits of injections?

A

beneficial to patients unable to take meds orally
Drug is broken down in the stomach and intestines
Drug absorbed rapidly
Accurate dosing
There is however a risk of infection and a level of skill is required

21
Q

What types of drugs can be administered topically?

A

Creams, ointments, dusting powders, lotions, medicated shampoo, aerosol spray, eye medication

22
Q

What is a cream?

A

Semi solid emulsion of oil or fat and water.

Spread easily without friction and penetrates outer layers

23
Q

What is an ointment?

A

Semi solid, greasy and insoluble in water. Often have petroleum jelly base
Non-penetrating, more occlusive most suitable for dry chronic lesions

24
Q

What is a dusting powder?

A

Finely divided powders for application to the skin. Usually contain ectoparasites or antibacterial

25
Q

What is a liquid?

A

Liquid preparation consisting of a solution of drug in water

26
Q

What is a medicated shampoo?

A

Aqueous solution or suspension of drug with detergent base. Gives good penetration of coat. Rinsed off after required time

27
Q

What is a aerosol spray?

A

Method of applying liquid solutions or suspensions of drug in fine droplet form under pressure. Many animals alarmed by noise of spray

28
Q

What is eye medication?

A

Ointment or drops. Ointment has soft paraffin base that melts once in contact with the eye.

29
Q

How are inhaled drugs given?

A

Drugs administered via a gaseous carrier or inhaler and the animal breathes in the drug these drugs then pass from the aveloi of the lungs into the bloodstream

Pharmacology (9 decks)

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