Commonly used drugs Flashcards

1
Q

What are NSAIDS used for?

A

their anti-inflammatory and analgesic properties

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2
Q

Describe the mode of action of Carprofen, giving its family and a trade name example

A

Used to reduce pain and inflammation in degenerative joint disease in dogs. Carprofen inhibits particular enzymes which reduce the formation of the COX-2 prostaglandins responsible for the process of inflammation occurring, The reduction in inflammation results in pain relief.
Part of the NSAID group
Trade name is rimadyl

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3
Q

Describe the mode of action of meloxicam, giving its family and a trade name example

A

Used to reduce pain and inflammation in degenerative joint disease in dogs. Meloxiams inhibits particular enzymes which reduce the formation of the COX-2 prostaglanidns responsible for the process of inflammation occurring. The reduction in inflammation results in pain relief.
Meloxicam is used as an anadlgesic for acute and chronic inflammation e.g. muscoskeletal disorders, postoperative pain.
Part of the NSAID group
Trade name is metacam

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4
Q

What are anthelmintics used for?

A

Kill or eliminate internal parasites

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5
Q

Describe the mode of action of fenbendazole, giving its family and a trade name example

A

Broad spectrum wormer for round/tape worms. Works by stopping the roundworm from being able to to metabolise and absorb carbohydrates. This causes the worm to starve to death. This causes the worm to starve to death. Kills immature and mature stages of a range of roundworms. It is also effective against some of the tapeworm species but not diplydiudm canium.
Part of the anthelmintic group
Trade name is panacur

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6
Q

Describe the mode of action of Praziquntel, giving its family and a trade name example

A

Narrow spectrum wormer for tapeworms. Effective against a wide range of cestodes. It increases permeability of the cell membrane of suspectible resulting in the leaking of intracelluale calcium and paralysis
Part of the anthelmetnic group
Trade name is drontal

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7
Q

What is the purpose of a vaccine?

A

To provide immunity to a suspectible animal by introducing a disrupted and harmless version of the pathogen into the bod.

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8
Q

What is a live vaccine?

A

A vaccine which contains live organisms that have been cultured in controlled conditions. Carry the risk of causing disease contraction.

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9
Q

What is a killed vaccine?

A

A vaccine which contains inactives vaccine in dead organisms. These organisms cannot replicate within the body so do not carry the risk of causing disease contraction.

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10
Q

Describe the mode of action of buprenorphine, giving its family and a trade name example

A

Potent long acting analgesic working at opiate receptors in CNS. For post operative pain and sedation. Buprenorphine binds strongly to the opiod mu-receptors in the brain, spinal cord and other tissues. It inhibits neurotransmitter release by reducing calcium ion currents and increasing potassium ion conductance resulting in analgesia and sedation. This may increase the patients tolerance for pain and decrease the perception of suffering.
Part of the anglesic group
Trade name is vetergesic

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11
Q

What are analgesic used for?

A

Have an analgesic effect and act on specific CNS recptors to reduce pain

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12
Q

Describe the mode of action of Tramadol, giving its family and a trade name example

A

centrally acting analgesic agent with a complex mode of action exerted by its 2 enantiomers and primary metabolite, involving opioid, norephrine and serotonin receptors. Used in management for mild to moderate acute pain.
Part of the analgesic group
Trade name tralieve

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13
Q

What are antimicrobials used for?

A

Can have a broad spectrum – kill wide variety of bacteria or a narrow spectrum – kills few species, only effective against either positive or negative.

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14
Q

Describe the mode of action of Amoxicillin, giving its family and a trade name example

A

broad spectrum bacteriocidal antibiotic. It is a penicillin that treats gram negative and gram positive bacteria. Works by inhibiting synthesis of the bacteria’s cell wall. As cells divide through binary fission the bacterial cells fill with fluid and swell. This causes the cells to rupture under the pressure in turn killing the bacteria. It is only effective against cells that are in the process of dividing.
Part of the antimicrobial group
Trade name is synulox or clavaseptin

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15
Q

Describe the mode of action of Cephalexin, giving its family and a trade name example

A

broad spectrum bacteriocidal antibiotic that works by inhibiting the growth of bacteria. Works by inhibiting the synthesis of the bacteria’s cell wall. As the cells divide through binary fission the bacterial cells fill with fluid and swell. This causes the cells to rupture under the pressure in turn killing the bacteria. Only effective against cells that are in the process of dividing.
Part of the antimicrobial group
Trade name is ceporex

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16
Q

What are cardiovasulcar vasodilators?

A

Increase the diameter of blood vessels (arteries, veins or both)
Benzapril, Inhibts the enzyme that allows angiotension

17
Q

Describe the mode of action of Prednisolone, giving its family and a trade name example

A

used for severe allergic reactions, neoplasia, immune-mediated disease.
Part of glucocorticosteriods group
Trade name is prenicare

18
Q

Describe the mode of action of Frusemide, giving its family and a trade name example

A

sometimes known as a loop diuretic. Used for the treatment of oedema. Reduces fluid within the body, for use in cardiac insufficiency and renal dysfunction. Frusemide is a loop diuretic which increases urine flow by inhibiting reabsorption of sodium, chloride and potassium in the loop of Henle. It will remove excess fluid by increasing sodium, potassium and water excretion in the urine.
Part of the diuretic group
Trade name is dimazole

19
Q

Describe the mode of action of Spironocolatone, giving its family name

A

potassium-sparing diuretic. Used in the treatment of congestive heart failure in dogs. Stops the production of aldosterone. Sodium is not re-absorbed into the body resulting in water not being reabsorbed. Potassium remains in the body.
Part of the diuretic group

20
Q

What are diuretics used for?

A

Main drug for the urinary system, increases production of urine and act upon kidneys primarily.