Commonly used drugs Flashcards
What are NSAIDS used for?
their anti-inflammatory and analgesic properties
Describe the mode of action of Carprofen, giving its family and a trade name example
Used to reduce pain and inflammation in degenerative joint disease in dogs. Carprofen inhibits particular enzymes which reduce the formation of the COX-2 prostaglandins responsible for the process of inflammation occurring, The reduction in inflammation results in pain relief.
Part of the NSAID group
Trade name is rimadyl
Describe the mode of action of meloxicam, giving its family and a trade name example
Used to reduce pain and inflammation in degenerative joint disease in dogs. Meloxiams inhibits particular enzymes which reduce the formation of the COX-2 prostaglanidns responsible for the process of inflammation occurring. The reduction in inflammation results in pain relief.
Meloxicam is used as an anadlgesic for acute and chronic inflammation e.g. muscoskeletal disorders, postoperative pain.
Part of the NSAID group
Trade name is metacam
What are anthelmintics used for?
Kill or eliminate internal parasites
Describe the mode of action of fenbendazole, giving its family and a trade name example
Broad spectrum wormer for round/tape worms. Works by stopping the roundworm from being able to to metabolise and absorb carbohydrates. This causes the worm to starve to death. This causes the worm to starve to death. Kills immature and mature stages of a range of roundworms. It is also effective against some of the tapeworm species but not diplydiudm canium.
Part of the anthelmintic group
Trade name is panacur
Describe the mode of action of Praziquntel, giving its family and a trade name example
Narrow spectrum wormer for tapeworms. Effective against a wide range of cestodes. It increases permeability of the cell membrane of suspectible resulting in the leaking of intracelluale calcium and paralysis
Part of the anthelmetnic group
Trade name is drontal
What is the purpose of a vaccine?
To provide immunity to a suspectible animal by introducing a disrupted and harmless version of the pathogen into the bod.
What is a live vaccine?
A vaccine which contains live organisms that have been cultured in controlled conditions. Carry the risk of causing disease contraction.
What is a killed vaccine?
A vaccine which contains inactives vaccine in dead organisms. These organisms cannot replicate within the body so do not carry the risk of causing disease contraction.
Describe the mode of action of buprenorphine, giving its family and a trade name example
Potent long acting analgesic working at opiate receptors in CNS. For post operative pain and sedation. Buprenorphine binds strongly to the opiod mu-receptors in the brain, spinal cord and other tissues. It inhibits neurotransmitter release by reducing calcium ion currents and increasing potassium ion conductance resulting in analgesia and sedation. This may increase the patients tolerance for pain and decrease the perception of suffering.
Part of the anglesic group
Trade name is vetergesic
What are analgesic used for?
Have an analgesic effect and act on specific CNS recptors to reduce pain
Describe the mode of action of Tramadol, giving its family and a trade name example
centrally acting analgesic agent with a complex mode of action exerted by its 2 enantiomers and primary metabolite, involving opioid, norephrine and serotonin receptors. Used in management for mild to moderate acute pain.
Part of the analgesic group
Trade name tralieve
What are antimicrobials used for?
Can have a broad spectrum – kill wide variety of bacteria or a narrow spectrum – kills few species, only effective against either positive or negative.
Describe the mode of action of Amoxicillin, giving its family and a trade name example
broad spectrum bacteriocidal antibiotic. It is a penicillin that treats gram negative and gram positive bacteria. Works by inhibiting synthesis of the bacteria’s cell wall. As cells divide through binary fission the bacterial cells fill with fluid and swell. This causes the cells to rupture under the pressure in turn killing the bacteria. It is only effective against cells that are in the process of dividing.
Part of the antimicrobial group
Trade name is synulox or clavaseptin
Describe the mode of action of Cephalexin, giving its family and a trade name example
broad spectrum bacteriocidal antibiotic that works by inhibiting the growth of bacteria. Works by inhibiting the synthesis of the bacteria’s cell wall. As the cells divide through binary fission the bacterial cells fill with fluid and swell. This causes the cells to rupture under the pressure in turn killing the bacteria. Only effective against cells that are in the process of dividing.
Part of the antimicrobial group
Trade name is ceporex