Excretion

Question 1

Excretion ?

Answer 1

The removal of waste products, formed by metabolism, from the body.

Question 2

What does excretion ensure ?

Answer 2

Waste products do not build up to toxic levels

Question 3

Metabolism ?

Answer 3

Chemical processes which take place in living cells

Question 4

Waste product?

Answer 4

A substance produced by the cells, which would be harmful if allowed to build up

Question 5

Homeostasis?

Answer 5

Process of maintaining optimal conditions in the body

Question 6

Name 3 organs of excretion & what they excrete

Answer 6

Lung - CO2

Kidney - H20, urea & salts

Skin - H20, salts & urea

Question 7

Name the 4 parts that make up urinary system

Answer 7

Kidney
Ureters
Bladder
Urethra

Question 8

Urea ?

Answer 8

Amino acids broken into ammonia & then into urea

- deamination process

Question 9

Uric acid ?

Answer 9

Breakdown of nucleic acids

Question 10

Name 3 examples of non-nitrogenous waste

Answer 10

Creatinine
Toxins & drugs
Alcohol

Question 11

Livers role in excretion ?

Answer 11

Not excretory organ but many waste products are formed here

Question 12

Renal arterys function?

Answer 12

Carries oxygen & nitrogenous waste to kidney

Question 13

Location & function of adrenal gland

Answer 13

Above kidney & secretes aldosterone

Question 14

Aldosterone?

Answer 14

Controls salt levels

Question 15

Renal veins function ?

Answer 15

Carries purified blood to inferior vena cava

Question 16

Ureter ?

Answer 16

Carries urine to bladder

Question 17

Bladder ?

Answer 17

Stores urine

Question 18

Urethra ?

Answer 18

Carries urine to exterior

Question 19

Motor nerve above bladder ?

Answer 19

Stimulates contractions of bladder wall

Question 20

Where is kidney found ?

Answer 20

Abdominal cavity

Question 21

Hilum ?

Answer 21

Where ureter, renal blood vessles & nerves enter & leave

Question 22

Renal capsule ?

Answer 22

Protects the kidney & prevents infections in surrounding area

Question 23

Renal cortex?

Answer 23

Reddish area made up of renal corpuscles

Question 24

Pyramid ?

Answer 24

Made up of collecting ducts

Question 25

Papilla ?

Answer 25

Tip of each pyramid; fits into calyx

Question 26

Renal pelvis?

Answer 26

Urine drains from calyxes into enlarged upper end of ureter

Question 27

Bowmans capsule + glomerulus = ?

Answer 27

Renal corpuscle / malpighian body

Question 28

What are nephrons responsible for ?

Answer 28

Removing waste matter from the blood

Question 29

3 functions of nephron

Answer 29

Glomerular filtration Tubular reabsorption Tubular excretion

Question 30

Glomerular filtration ?

Answer 30

Fluid part of blood in renal corpuscle is filtered from glomerulus into cavity of Bowmans capsule

Question 31

Tubular reabsorption ?

Answer 31

Fluid flows along renal tubule, useful substances are reabsorbed back into bloodstream depending on needs

Question 32

Tubular excretion ?

Answer 32

In addition certain unwanted substances in blood are actively excreted

Question 33

What is pH a measure of ?

Answer 33

Hydrogen ion concentration

Question 34

Buffer system ?

Answer 34

Chemical substance that prevents great a change in pH by: - binding with H ions when pH drops - releasing H ions when pH rises

Question 35

Urine ?

Answer 35

Filtrate from collecting ducts can be called urine as it contains all substances the body does not need & all needed substances have been reabsorbed

Question 36

Homeostasis: DEHYDRATION

Answer 36

- hypothalamus picks up lack of H20 & sends message to pituitary gland - pituitary gland releases more ADH - also send message to collecting tubule to open & keep H20 in - resulting in less urine

Question 37

Homeostasis: EXCESS WATER

Answer 37

- hypothalamus picks up excess H20 & send message to pituitary gland - pituitary gland releases less ADH - also send message to collecting tubule to close & release H20 - more urine

Question 38

Osmoregulation?

Answer 38

Maintains balance between water & solute contents

Question 39

4 main functions of kidney

Answer 39

Excrete nitrogenous waste Osmoregulation Maintain pH of body fluids Maintain balance of ions

Question 40

In the proximal convoluted tubule what process occurs??

Answer 40

Tubular reabsorption

Question 41

What substances are actively absorbed?

Answer 41

Amino acids, glucose & water soluble vitamins

Question 42

Where is the energy needed for active absorption from?

Answer 42

ATP molecules

Question 43

What are selectively reabsorbed according to the bodies needs ?

Answer 43

Sodiums ions & lipids

Question 44

What does ADH stand for ??

Answer 44

Anti diuretic hormone

Question 45

What is dialysis ?

Answer 45

The movement of molecules between two solutions of different composition down their concentration gradient

Question 46

Podocytes?

Answer 46

Specialized epithelial cells that have slits to facilitate the passage of filtrate