Exchange Surfaces and Respiratory System Flashcards
1
Q
What happens to the ribs and the diaphragm as you inhale?
A
The ribs move up and out, while the diaphragm contracts (pulled down)
2
Q
Whats happens to the ribs and the diaphragm as you exhale?
A
The ribs move down and in, while the diaphragm relaxes (pulled up)
3
Q
Describe how the lungs are well equipped for gaseous exchange
A
- Numerous alveoli - Increases the surface area
- Well ventilated - maintains a steep concentration gradient
- Rich blood supply - maintains a steep concentration gradient
4
Q
Describe how the small intestine is well equipped for gaseous exchange
A
- Villi and Microvilli - Increases the surface area
- Good blood supply - maintains a steep concentration gradient
- Carrier proteins - for Active Transport
5
Q
Describe fully how the blood travels from the heart to the lungs and back to the heart
A
- Blood travels from the right side of the heart through the pulmonary artery.
- It then travels to the lungs and to the alveoli within the lungs, where Oxygen is inhaled.
- Oxygen diffuses through the alveoli wall, and at the same time Carbon Dioxide diffuses through in the opposite direction.
- Carbon Dioxide is then exhaled into the air.
- Oxygen travels through the now oxygenated blood through the pulmonary vein back to the left side of the heart.
6
Q
List 3 reasons why a person could have breathing problems
A
- Narrow tubes - ventilation is restricted
- Break down of alveoli - gaseous exchange cannot take place
- Paralysis - muscles do not work
7
Q
How does an Iron Lung work?
A
- The patient is enclosed with an airtight seal around their head
- Air is pumped out of the chamber using bellows
- A vacuum is created, causing movement of the thorax - drawing air into the lungs
8
Q
How do positive pressure ventilators work?
A
- They force air down the Trachea into the lungs
- The air volume is monitored in an electrical positive pressure system
- Once the lungs have been ventilated, the air flow is cut off and the lungs deflate
