Exchange and Transport in Animals Flashcards
why is oxygen taken up from organisms?
- aerobic respiration
- making carbon dioxide, waste product
why is water taken up from organisms?
- osmosis in plants
- animals to dissolve food
what is urea?
waste produce produced by animals from proteins
how can we work out how easy it is for an organism to exchange substances with its environment?
surface area to volume ratio
SA:V
how are alveoli adapted for gas exchange?
- thin walls
- large surface ares
- good blood supply
what is the job of red blood cells?
carry blood from heart to cells in body
how are red blood cells adapted to their function?
- disc shape, to absorb oxygen
- no nucleus, to carry more oxygen
- contain haemoglobin
what is the function of white blood cells?
defend again infections
how are white blood cells adapted to their function?
- produce antibodies against infection
- change shape to engulf micro-organisms
- multiply to fight infection
what is the job of platelets?
help blood clot
how are platelets adapted to their function?
- no nucleus
- stop blood pouring out
what is plasma?
liquid that carries everything in the blood
how has plasma adapted to its function?
carries hormones, red/white blood cells, carries carbon dioxide and oxygen
-carries antibodies and antitoxins
what are the 3 main blood vessels?
arteries
capillaries
veins
what do arteries do/
carry blood away from the heart
what do veins do?
carry blood to the heart
what do the capillaries do?
involved in exchange of materials at the tissue
how have arteries adapted to its function?
- strong elastic walls to carry blood at high pressure
- layers of thick muscle to stretch
how have veins adapted to its function?
- lower pressure so was thinner
- bigger lumen to help blood flow
- valves so blood flows in right direction
how have the capillaries adapted to its function?
- narrow to squeeze into gaps between cells
- supply food, but take waste
- one cells thick walls for diffusion
what happens in the 4 main chambers of the heart?
- right atrium- get deoxygenated blood
- goes to right ventricle, pumps into lungs
- left atrium gets oxygenated blood
- goes to left ventricle then pumped out
whats cellular respiration?
-transferring energy from the breakdown of organic compounds making energy for contracting muscles, maintaining temperature
is cellular respiration endothermic or endothermic?
exothermic reaction
how would you be able to investigate the rate of respiration in living organisms?
- soda lime granules added to 2 testubes, these absorb CO2
- cotton wool places on top with woodlice
- respiromter is set up
- left in water bath 15 degrees
- woodlice will use up oxygen
- repeat at different temperatures
