Exchange and Transport in Animals

Question 1

why is oxygen taken up from organisms?

Answer 1

• aerobic respiration

- making carbon dioxide, waste product

Question 2

why is water taken up from organisms?

Answer 2

• osmosis in plants

- animals to dissolve food

Question 3

what is urea?

Answer 3

waste produce produced by animals from proteins

Question 4

how can we work out how easy it is for an organism to exchange substances with its environment?

Answer 4

surface area to volume ratio

SA:V

Question 5

how are alveoli adapted for gas exchange?

Answer 5

• thin walls
• large surface ares
• good blood supply

Question 6

what is the job of red blood cells?

Answer 6

carry blood from heart to cells in body

Question 7

how are red blood cells adapted to their function?

Answer 7

• disc shape, to absorb oxygen
• no nucleus, to carry more oxygen
• contain haemoglobin

Question 8

what is the function of white blood cells?

Answer 8

defend again infections

Question 9

how are white blood cells adapted to their function?

Answer 9

• produce antibodies against infection
• change shape to engulf micro-organisms
• multiply to fight infection

Question 10

what is the job of platelets?

Answer 10

help blood clot

Question 11

how are platelets adapted to their function?

Answer 11

• no nucleus

- stop blood pouring out

Question 12

what is plasma?

Answer 12

liquid that carries everything in the blood

Question 13

how has plasma adapted to its function?

Answer 13

carries hormones, red/white blood cells, carries carbon dioxide and oxygen
-carries antibodies and antitoxins

Question 14

what are the 3 main blood vessels?

Answer 14

arteries
capillaries
veins

Question 15

what do arteries do/

Answer 15

carry blood away from the heart

Question 16

what do veins do?

Answer 16

carry blood to the heart

Question 17

what do the capillaries do?

Answer 17

involved in exchange of materials at the tissue

Question 18

how have arteries adapted to its function?

Answer 18

• strong elastic walls to carry blood at high pressure

- layers of thick muscle to stretch

Question 19

how have veins adapted to its function?

Answer 19

• lower pressure so was thinner
• bigger lumen to help blood flow
• valves so blood flows in right direction

Question 20

how have the capillaries adapted to its function?

Answer 20

• narrow to squeeze into gaps between cells
• supply food, but take waste
• one cells thick walls for diffusion

Question 21

what happens in the 4 main chambers of the heart?

Answer 21

• right atrium- get deoxygenated blood
• goes to right ventricle, pumps into lungs
• left atrium gets oxygenated blood
• goes to left ventricle then pumped out

Question 22

whats cellular respiration?

Answer 22

-transferring energy from the breakdown of organic compounds making energy for contracting muscles, maintaining temperature

Question 23

is cellular respiration endothermic or endothermic?

Answer 23

exothermic reaction

Question 24

how would you be able to investigate the rate of respiration in living organisms?

Answer 24

1. soda lime granules added to 2 testubes, these absorb CO2
2. cotton wool places on top with woodlice
3. respiromter is set up
4. left in water bath 15 degrees
5. woodlice will use up oxygen
6. repeat at different temperatures

Question 25

how do you calculate cardiac output?

Answer 25

cardiac output= heart rate X stroke volume