Animal Coordination, Control and Homeostasis

Question 1

what are the 6 main places hormones are produced?

Answer 1

• pituitary Galen
• thyroid gland
• ovaries
• adrenal gland
• pancreas
• testes

Question 2

what hormone is produced in the thyroid gland?

Answer 2

thyroxine, used for regulating temperature

Question 3

what hormone is produced in the ovaries?

Answer 3

oestrogen

Question 4

what hormone is produced in the adrenal gland?

Answer 4

adrenaline, for flight and fight responses

Question 5

what hormone is produced in the pancreas?

Answer 5

insulin, regulate glucose levels

Question 6

what hormone is produced in the testes?

Answer 6

testosterone, sperm production

Question 7

where is adrenaline produced?

Answer 7

• adrenal gland

- above kidney

Question 8

how does adrenaline prepare the body for flight or fight responses?

Answer 8

• increases oxygen and glucose supply
• causes heart to contract getting more blood to muscles
• liver breaks down glycogen stores into glucose
• increase blood glucose levels
• body ready fro action

Question 9

what does thyroxine do and where does it come from?

Answer 9

• thyroid gland

- regulates metabolic rate

Question 10

how does thyroxine control metabolic rate as an example of negative feedback?

Answer 10

• TSH is realised from the brain to tell the thyroid gland to release thyroxine
• blood thyroid level regulates
• but when it gets too high TSH will stop being sent

Question 11

what are the 4 stages of the menstrual cycle?

Answer 11

• uterus breaks down and released
• uterus lining repaired
• egg develops and released
• lining then mentained

Question 12

what is the role of oestrogen during the menstrual cycle?

Answer 12

-causes uterus lining to thicken and grow

Question 13

what is the role of progesterone during the menstrual cycle?

Answer 13

• maintains lining

- releases FSH and LH

Question 14

what are some methods of contraception?

Answer 14

• condom
• take oestrogen to stop egg development
• pill
• contreceptive patch

Question 15

what are some of the pros and cons of hormonal and barrier contraceptive methods?

Answer 15

• hormonal more protective

- but they have bad side effects, headaches, mode changes

Question 16

what is IVF?

Answer 16

• collecting women egg and fertilising in lab with mans sperm
• grown to embryos
• placed back into women
• example of ART

Question 17

what does ART stand form?

Answer 17

artificial reproductive technology

Question 18

what is clomifene therapy?

Answer 18

-women take clomifene to release more FSH and LH to make them more fertile

Question 19

what is homeostasis?

Answer 19

maintain a constant internal environment

Question 20

why is it important your body keeps a steady homeostasis?

Answer 20

so your cells function properly

Question 21

how does your body keep a steady homeostasis level?

Answer 21

• bloody glucose regulation
• osmoregulation(regulating water content)
• thermoregulation(regulating body temperature)

Question 22

how is blood glucose concentration regulated by glucagon?

Answer 22

• eating carbohydrates put glucose in blood
• metabolism removes glucose
• excess glucose is stored as glycogen in the liver
• when full its stores as fat

Question 23

how does insulin used to control blood glucose concentration?

Answer 23

-if too high, insulin is added

Question 24

what is the causes of type 1 diabetes?

Answer 24

pancreas produces little/no insulin

Question 25

how is type 1 diabetes controlled?

Answer 25

- injecting insulin at mealtimes - regular exercise - limiting simple carbohydrates intake

Question 26

what is the cause of type 2 diabetes? what is its relation to obesity?

Answer 26

- pancreas doesn't produce enough insulin, or becomes resistant to insulin - correlation with obese people - BMI over 30 - hip ratio over 1 for men and over 0.85 for women

Question 27

how do you calculate BMI?

Answer 27

weight(kg) / hight(m)2

Question 28

how do you calcite waist to hip ratio?

Answer 28

waist circumference(cm) / hip circumference(cm)