Exchange and transport

Question 1

Goblet cells

Answer 1

These line airways and secrete mucus which traps microorganisms and dust particles in the inhaled air stopping them reaching the alveoli

Question 2

Cilia

Answer 2

Beat the mucus and moves it upward and away from the alveoli towards the throat where its swallowed and prevents ;ung infection

Question 3

Elastic fibres

Answer 3

They are in walls of trachea, bronchi, bronchioles and alveoli and help the process of breathing out. During inhalation the elastic fibres are stretched and recoil to help push the air out during exhalation

Question 4

Smooth Muscle

Answer 4

Allows the diameter of the trachea, bronchi, bronchioles to be controlled and during exercise the smooth muscle relaxes making tubes wider and means less resistance to airflow allowing to move in and out of the lungs easily

Question 5

Rings of cartilage

Answer 5

Provide support and is strong and flexible and stops the trachea collapsing when you breathe in and the pressure drops

Question 6

Trachea

Answer 6

Large C shaped pieces of cartilage, Smooth muscle, Elastic fibres, Goblet cells, Ciliated

Question 7

Bronchi

Answer 7

Small pieces of cartilage, Smooth muscle, Elastic fibres, Goblet cells, Ciliated

Question 8

Large Bronchiole

Answer 8

No cartilage, Smooth muscle, Elastic fibres, Goblet cells, Ciliated

Question 9

Large Bronchiole

Answer 9

No cartilage, Smooth muscle, Elastic fibres, Goblet cells, Ciliated

Question 10

Smaller bronchiole

Answer 10

No cartilage, Smooth muscle, Elastic fibres, No goblet cells, Ciliated

Question 11

Smallest bronchiole

Answer 11

Has nothing

Question 12

Alveoli

Answer 12

Elastic fibres, no cartilage, no smooth muscle, no goblet cells, no cilia

Question 13

Inspiration

Answer 13

The external intercostal and diaphragm muscles contract causing the ribcage to move outwards and upwards and diaphragm flattens increasing the volume in the thorax and as it increases the lung pressure decreases causing air to fill the lungs and is active

Question 14

Expiration

Answer 14

External intercoastal and diaphragm muscles relax and the ribcage moves downward and inward and the diaphragm becomes curved again and the thorax volume decreases causing the air pressure to increase air is forced out of lungs and is passive unless forced eg blowing out candles

Question 15

Fish ventilation

Answer 15

Fish opens mouth and lowers floor of buccal cavity decreasing its pressure and the volume increases water then sucked in. Fish closes mouth floor of buccal cavity raises increasing the pressure and decreasing the volume within the cavity and water forced out of cavity over gills and increase in pressure causes operculum to open allowing the water out