Examprep Normal CVS

Question 1

How can capillaries increases the amount of fluid in tissues?

Answer 1

Increased capillary permeability

Question 2

In an ECG, what normally has a duration of 0.12-0.2s?

Answer 2

PR Interval

Question 3

During exercise, a process of anticipatory increases the heart rate and oxygen supply before an increase is actually needed.
What is the name of this process?

Answer 3

Feedforward mechanism

Question 4

What is an example of a potent hormonal vasoconstrictor?

Answer 4

Angiotensin II

Question 5

What is the most direct contributor to increased pulsatility of blood vessels?

Answer 5

Increased vascular resistance

Question 6

What blood vessel has individual smooth muscle cells rather than a continuous tunica media?

Answer 6

Metarterioles

Question 7

What physiological parameter remains static between rest and exercise?

Answer 7

Diastolic arterial pressure

Question 8

What is the likely method of movement for glucose across membranes?

Answer 8

Simple diffusion

Question 9

What is cardiac output?

Answer 9

The amount pumped out of the left ventricle per unit time

Question 10

How do the cells of the SA node discharge?

Answer 10

Spontaneously

Question 11

What is the normal range of pressure in capillaries from the arteriolar ends to venous ends?

Answer 11

35mmHg to 10mmHg

Question 12

What does Noradrenaline bind to?

What does it do?

Answer 12

• Binds to a1 receptors

- Causes vasoconstriction

Question 13

What is absent in atrial fibrillation on an ECG?

Answer 13

P waves

Question 14

Which organ recieves 9% of cardiac output?

Answer 14

Skin

Question 15

The union of the common iliac veins and IVC occurs at which spinal level?

Answer 15

L5

Question 16

What part of the ECG shows depolarisation of the inter-ventricular septum from left to right?

Answer 16

Q wave

Question 17

What is the main characteristic of the cardiac muscle excitation-contraction coupling process that differentiates it from that seen in skeletal muscle?

Answer 17

Action potential in cardiac muscle last several hundred milliseconds

Question 18

What do arterioles contribute to?

Answer 18

Total peripheral resistance

Question 19

What does angiotensin II stimulate?

Answer 19

Stimulates ADH release

Question 20

What do vasa vasorum consist of?

Answer 20

Small blood vessels which provide nutrients for the outer regions of the vessel wall

Question 21

What is stroke volume?

Answer 21

The amount of blood pumper per heartbeat

Question 22

Do cardiac muscle fibres branch regularly or irregularly?

Answer 22

Irregularly

Question 23

Within which part of the brain are there receptors to detect blood osmolality?

Answer 23

Hypothalamus

Question 24

Which group of nodes drain the anterior and posterior thoracic walls?

Answer 24

Axillary nodes

Question 25

What contains the largest percentage of blood volume- arteries, heart, veins, vena cava, aorta?

Answer 25

Veins

Question 26

At what site can pulse character be accurately and reliably assessed?

Answer 26

Carotid pulse

Question 27

When does the second heart sound occur?

Answer 27

At beginning of ventricular diastole

Question 28

Regarding energy release, what does Starlings law say?

Answer 28

The energy released during contraction depends on the initial fibre length

Question 29

On an ECG what part is the depolarisation of the area of the heart near the base?

Answer 29

S wave

Question 30

What is an indirect branch of the abdominal aorta?

Answer 30

Inferior gluteal artery

Question 31

What is the origin of sympathetic nerves which innervate the nodal tissue and the heart muscle?

Answer 31

T1-T5

Question 32

What is the first branch of the external carotid artery?

Answer 32

Superior thyroid artery

Question 33

What is the first phase of the triple response to histamine?

Answer 33

Vasodilation of the pre capillary sphincters

Question 34

Where on the chest would you place your stethoscope to listen to the pulmonary valve?

Answer 34

2nd left intercostal space

Question 35

What artery do the coronary arteries arise from?

Answer 35

Ascending aorta

Question 36

``` What is NOT a baroreceptor on the carotid sinus?- Aortic nerve Carotid sinus nerve Glossopharyngeal nerve Nodose ganglion Nucleus tractus solitarius ```

Answer 36

Aortic Nerve

Question 37

Which substance produced by the kidneys helps to maintain normal blood pressure?

Answer 37

Renin

Question 38

Is the aorta and Pulmonary trunk elastic or muscular arteries?

Answer 38

Elastic arteries

Question 39

Describe Albumin in terms of permeability?

Answer 39

It has a high molecular weight and therefore has a low permeability

Question 40

What part of the ECG varies with heart rate?

Answer 40

QT interval

Question 41

What is the normal duration of the QRS interval?

Answer 41

0.12-0.2s

Question 42

What is the normal sodium concentration in blood plasma?

Answer 42

140mM

Question 43

What occurs at the isovolumetric ventricular contraction phase ?

Answer 43

Ventricular volume does not change

Question 44

What is the normal mean arterial pressure range in the pulmonary artery of a healthy person?

Answer 44

9-18mmHg

Question 45

Which part of the heart is supplied by the circumflex coronary artery?

Answer 45

Lateral, posterior and inferior segments of the left ventricle

Question 46

What does the superior, middle and inferior thyroid veins drain into?

Answer 46

- Superior and middle thyroid veins drain into internal jugular vein - Inferior thyroid veins drain to the brachiocephalic veins

Question 47

In late diastole, which chambers contract?

Answer 47

None of the chambers