Examprep Abnormal CVS

Question 1

What can atrial fibrillation be due to?

Answer 1

Multiple re-entrant excitation waves in the atria

Question 2

In the Vaughan Williams system which category/class does drug Flecainide fall into ?

Answer 2

Class 1c

Question 3

What condition is likely to cause lower plasma levels of free drug?

Answer 3

Dehydration

Question 4

What is a feature of moderate hypertension?

Answer 4

Retinal Vein Changes

Question 5

What disease is generally the cause of diastolic and not systolic heart failure?

Answer 5

Infiltrative disease

Question 6

Dyspnoea, angina and syncope are characteristic symptoms of what valvular disease?

Answer 6

Aortic Stenosis

Question 7

Blockage of which coronary artery would cause an inferior infarction?

Answer 7

Right Coronary Artery

Question 8

What type of shock is caused by systemic bacterial infection (septicaemia)?

Answer 8

Vasodilatory

Question 9

What is most likely to be the cause of right ventricular dysfunction?

Answer 9

Cardiomyopathy

Question 10

What is/what property is class IV drugs In the Vaughan Williams system?

Answer 10

• Calcium Channel Blocker

- Reduces conduction predominantly at the AV node

Question 11

What Beta-blocker causes reduction in cardiac output, decrease in heart rate, bronchoconstriction?

Answer 11

Non-selective B-antagonists ie. propanolol

Question 12

What beta-blocker causes bronchodilation, increases rate and force of the heart rate?

Answer 12

Non-selective B-agonists ie. adrenaline

Question 13

What beta-blocker causes increase in heart rate and force of contraction?

Answer 13

Selective B1-agonists ie. dobutamine

Question 14

In cardiac rehabilitation how long should the conditioning phase be?

Answer 14

20mins

Question 15

What pharmacokinetic processes affect the half life of a drug?

Answer 15

Distribution, Metabolism, Excretion

Question 16

What is Prinzmetal Angina?

Answer 16

Rare condition in which vasospasms of the coronary artery occur at rest, often in the early hours of the morning

Question 17

What type of exercise should be undertaken in the conditioning phase of cardiac rehabilitation?

Answer 17

Circuit training

Question 18

In inferior myocardial infarction which limb leads on the ECG show ST elevation?

Answer 18

II, III, aVF

Question 19

What type of drug is used to reduce plasma lipids?

Answer 19

Statins

Question 20

What beta-blocker causes a decrease in heart rate and cardiac output?

Answer 20

Selective B1-antagonist ie. atenolol

Question 21

What drug directly counteracts the fall in cardiac output during heart failure?

Answer 21

Digoxin

Question 22

Infarct of the inferior and posterior wall of left ventricle result from the occlusion of which coronary vessel?

Answer 22

Right coronary artery

Question 23

What do angiotensin-converting enzymes (ACE) inhibitors do?

Answer 23

Reduction in peripheral resistance

Question 24

What do cardiac glycosides do ?

Answer 24

Increased contractility of myocardium

Question 25

What is a cyanotic congenital heart defect?

Answer 25

Fallots Tetralogy

Question 26

What type of shock occurs in Addison's Disease?

Answer 26

Hypovoleamic shock

Question 27

What artery has the highest incidence of atherosclerosis?

Answer 27

Abdominal aorta

Question 28

Describe cardiac thrills?

Answer 28

Vibrations synchronous with certain phases of the cardiac cycle

Question 29

What cardiac receptor group does Dobutamine bind to?

Answer 29

B2

Question 30

What drug is a potassium-sparing diuretic which can help to prevent diuretic-induced hypokalaemia ?

Answer 30

Spironolactone

Question 31

What is a consequence of cardiac failure?

Answer 31

Enlarged Liver

Question 32

What type of drug is Diltiazem?

Answer 32

Calcium channel blocker