Examprep Abnormal Respiratory Flashcards

1
Q

What parameter of respiratory function test is significantly lower than normal in pulmonary fibrosis?

A

Forced expiratory volume in litres (FEV1)

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2
Q

What is the most common cause of pulmonary oedema?

A

Increased pulmonary venous hydrostatic pressure due to Left ventricular failure

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3
Q

What are risk factors for pulmonary embolism?

A
  • Pregnancy
  • Oral Contraceptive pill
  • Malignancy (increases blood viscosity)
  • Recovery from a major operation
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4
Q

What drug causes a reduction in cardiac output, decrease in heart rate, bronchoconstriction?

A

Non-selective Beta-antagonist ie. propanolol

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5
Q

A P/F value of less that what indicates acute let injury?

A

40

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6
Q

Which type of lung tumour metastasises very early, is made up of blue cells and may secrete hormones ie. ADH?

A

Small cell carcinoma

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7
Q

The presence of a diffuse opacity, confined within a single lobe within one lung is probably going to indicate which pathology?

A

Pneumonia

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8
Q

What are risk factors for bronchial carcinoma?

A
  • Smoking
  • Radiation
  • Asbestos exposure
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9
Q

A 21 year old male presents with a sudden onset of shortness of breath (previously fit and healthy). Respiratory rate of 28, saturations of 95% on room air, absent breath sounds on right chest with a hyper-resonant percussion note.
What could be the diagnosis?

A

Pneumothorax

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10
Q

45-year-old Afro-Carribean female presents with a 2 month cough, nothing on examination of chest. Chest X-ray reveals bilateral hilar lymphadenopathy. Bronchoscopy and biopsy show non-caseating granuloma.
What could be the diagnosis?

A

Sarcoidosis

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11
Q

37-year-old male presents with difficulty breathing. 2 day history of fever and feeling generally unwell. Increasing short of breath, with inspiratory stridor. He is sitting upright and leaning forward to catch his breath. He is drooling, with difficulty in swallowing his secretions.
What could be the diagnosis?

A

Acute Epiglottitis

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12
Q

67-year-old woman presents with non-productive cough and shortness of breath on exertion. Right lung base is stony dull to percussion and she is absent in breath sounds at right base to mid zone.
What could be the diagnosis?

A

Pleural Effusion

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13
Q

What would be the arterial blood gas result be in compensated respiratory alkalosis?

A
  • Normal but verging on high pH (7.45)
  • Low pCO2 (3)
  • Normal O2 (13)
  • Low bicarbonate (20)
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14
Q

What happens to the physiological & anatomic dead space during pulmonary emboli?

A

May cause ventilation-perfusion mismatch and so increase physiological dead space but not anatomical

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15
Q

What would the arterial blood gas result be in metabolic acidosis?

A
  • Low pH
  • Low PCO2
  • Low HCO3-
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16
Q

What condition would move the oxygen-haemoglobin dissociation curve to the left?

A

Decreased 2,3 DPG in red cells

17
Q

What would the arterial blood gas result be in chronic respiratory acidosis?

A
  • PCO2 increased
  • pH decreased
  • HCO3- increased
18
Q

How would you describe Primary Tuberculosis Pathologically?

A

Granulomatous lesions with central caseation, surrounded by epitheloid and Langerhans giant cells

19
Q

Where is a potential source for pulmonary emboli?

A

Leg veins

20
Q

What pathogen is likely to be responsible for Bronchiolitis?

A

Respiratory Syncytial virus