Examples for Language Flashcards
Which of the following sentences is considered agrammatical?
Him went to the park yesterday.
Alexia is a neurological condition characterized by difficulty with which of the following abilities?
Reading written words
Amusia is a neurological condition that primarily affects a person’s ability to:
Comprehend and produce music.
The analytic–synthetic distinction in philosophy primarily concerns the difference between statements that are true or false based on:
Their meaning alone versus their meaning and facts about the world.
Anomia is a language disorder characterized by the difficulty in:
Recalling the names of familiar objects or people.
Apraxia is a neurological disorder characterized by the impaired ability to perform:
Purposeful, learned motor skills despite having the physical capacity.
The arcuate fasciculus is a bundle of nerve fibers in the brain that plays a crucial role in language. It primarily connects which two areas involved in language processing?
Broca’s area and Wernicke’s area.
Which of the following is a core characteristic often associated with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD)?
Persistent difficulties with social communication and interaction, and restricted, repetitive patterns of behavior, interests, or activities.
Averbia is a linguistic phenomenon characterized by the absence or reduced use of:
Verbs.
Barbiturates are a class of drugs that primarily act on the central nervous system by:
Enhancing the effects of the neurotransmitter GABA.
Individuals with Broca’s aphasia typically exhibit difficulties primarily with:
Producing fluent and grammatically correct speech.
Broca’s area is a region of the brain that is primarily associated with which of the following functions?
Production of fluent and grammatically structured speech.
Which of the following best describes the fundamental purpose of communication?
To establish understanding and create shared meaning between individuals or groups.
Conduction aphasia is a type of aphasia primarily characterized by significant difficulty with:
Repeating spoken words and phrases.
A corpus callosotomy is a surgical procedure that involves:
Severing the connection between the left and right hemispheres of the brain.
Creole languages are best described as languages that:
Develop from a pidgin language that has become the native language of a community, acquiring a more complex grammar and expanded vocabulary.
In the context of split-brain research (following a corpus callosotomy), cross-cueing refers to the phenomenon where:
One hemisphere subtly communicates information to the other hemisphere through indirect means, often involving behavioral responses or sensory feedback.
Deep dyslexia is a specific type of acquired dyslexia characterized by which of the following reading errors?
Making semantic errors, such as reading “doctor” as “nurse.”
Dysarthria is a motor speech disorder that is primarily characterized by difficulties with:
The physical production of speech sounds due to muscle weakness, slowness, or incoordination.
Dyslexia is a learning disability that primarily affects which of the following abilities?
Reading and spelling.
Dysphonia is a voice disorder characterized by difficulties with:
The quality, pitch, or loudness of one’s voice.
Electrical stimulation mapping (ESM) is a neurosurgical technique primarily used to:
Identify essential brain areas for functions like language and motor skills during surgery, helping to preserve them.
Expressive aphasia, also known as Broca’s aphasia, is primarily characterized by difficulty with:
Producing fluent and grammatically correct speech.
Fluent aphasia is a category of language disorders characterized by speech that flows smoothly but often lacks meaningful content. Which of the following is a primary characteristic of fluent aphasia?
Speech that is grammatically correct but contains word errors and neologisms, with impaired comprehension.
Global aphasia is a severe form of acquired language impairment that typically involves significant deficits in:
Both speech production and comprehension, as well as reading and writing.
Which of the following best defines grammar in the context of language?
the system of rules governing the structure of words, phrases, and sentences in a language.
The helping-hand phenomenon is a behavior sometimes observed in individuals who have undergone a corpus callosotomy (split-brain surgery). It is characterized by:
One hand acting seemingly against the will of the individual, often interfering with a task the other hand is trying to perform.
Which of the following is a key characteristic that distinguishes human language from other forms of communication?
The capacity for displacement, allowing communication about things that are not present in space or time.
Lexigrams are:
Visual symbols that represent words or concepts, often used in communication systems for individuals with language impairments or in studies with non-human primates.
Linguistic nativism is the theory that:
Humans are born with an innate, universal grammar that provides a blueprint for language acquisition
The motor theory of speech perception proposes that listeners perceive spoken language by:
Unconsciously simulating the articulatory gestures (movements of the vocal tract) that would be required to produce the sounds they are hearing.
A neologism in linguistics refers to:
A newly coined word or expression.
The orthographic level of language processing primarily deals with:
The visual form of written language, including letters, spelling, and word shapes.
Paraphasia is a language error characterized by:
The unintentional substitution of one word or sound for another during speech.
Parentese, also known as motherese or child-directed speech, refers to the way adults typically:
Communicate with infants and young children, often using exaggerated intonation, simplified vocabulary, and repetitive phrases.
In linguistics, to parse a sentence means to:
Analyze the grammatical structure of the sentence, identifying its components and their relationships.
The phonological level of language processing primarily deals with:
The sounds of language, including how they are organized and perceived.
The planum temporale is a region of the brain located in the temporal lobe and is known to be:
Often larger in the left hemisphere and associated with language comprehension.
The poverty of the stimulus (POS) argument in language acquisition suggests that:
The linguistic input that children receive is insufficient to fully account for the complexity and richness of the language they acquire.
Prosody in language refers to the:
The patterns of stress, intonation, rhythm, and pauses in speech that convey emotional tone and grammatical structure.
Receptive aphasia, also known as Wernicke’s aphasia, is primarily characterized by difficulty with:
Understanding spoken language.
Studies of split-brain patients (individuals who have undergone a corpus callosotomy) have revealed that:
Each hemisphere can process information and respond independently, leading to some fascinating dissociations in perception and action.
Statistical learning in the context of language acquisition refers to the ability of infants and young children to:
Implicitly extract patterns and regularities from the language input they are exposed to, such as the probability of certain sounds or words occurring together.
Surface dyslexia is a type of acquired dyslexia characterized by difficulty in:
Reading irregularly spelled words because of a reliance on phonological (sound-based) reading strategies.
Universal Grammar (UG), as proposed by Noam Chomsky, is a theoretical concept that suggests:
Humans are born with an innate set of fundamental linguistic principles and constraints that underlie the structure of all human languages
The primary purpose of the Wada test is to determine:
Which hemisphere of the brain is dominant for language and how important each hemisphere is for memory function.
Individuals with Wernicke’s aphasia typically exhibit difficulties primarily with:
Understanding spoken language.
The Wernicke–Geschwind model is a classic neurological model of language processing that proposes a pathway for understanding and producing spoken language. According to this model, which of the following represents the initial processing stage for comprehending a spoken word?
Analysis of the auditory signal in the auditory cortex.
Wernicke’s area is a region of the brain that is primarily associated with which of the following functions?
The comprehension of spoken and written language.
Williams syndrome is a rare genetic disorder characterized by a unique cognitive and behavioral profile that often includes:
A distinctive “cocktail party” personality, relative strengths in language (particularly expressive language), and hyper sociability, alongside visuospatial construction deficits.
Word salad, a symptom often associated with certain language disorders, is characterized by:
Fluent but incoherent speech containing a mix of real words and made-up words, often lacking logical connection.
