Neurons Chapter 1 Flashcards
what is a neuron?
as a nerve cell, is an excitable cell that fires electric signals called action potentials
Structure of a Neuron
Neurons have three parts: the cell body (soma), dendrites (receive signals), and axon (sends signals)
What does mean when The Neuron is at rest.
Neurons maintain a resting membrane potential, with a negative charge inside compared to outside.
what is Signaling?
Neurons communicate through electrical impulses (action potentials) and chemical signals (neurotransmitters) at synapses.
Synaptic Transmission is..
Signals are transmitted across synapses via neurotransmitters.
what is a Neural Circuits?
Groups of neurons that work together to process information.
what is Action Potential?
Electrical signals that travel along axons
what is a Propagation?
The action potential travels down the axon without weakening.
what is a brainbox
A technique for visualizing different neurons in the brain using fluorescent proteins.
Cajal famously discovered the cells in the brain are discrete, rather than connected like blood vessels, leading to his development of the….FILL IN
Neuron Doctrine
The dendrite of a neuron is responsible for __fill in____ chemical signals.
Collecting
After the chemical signal is collected, but before it can be conducted down the axon, the signals must be…..FILL IN….
Integrated
Destruction of ____ neurons would eliminate the brain’s ability to control muscles
Motor
Multipolar neurons are distinguished by have many
Dendrites
Unlike glial cells, which come in only 4 basic types, there are at least _____ types of neurons.
Dozens
Visualizing individual neurons can be accomplished by using staining techniques, such as Nissl and _____ staining
Golgi
Compared to a computer, neurons process information:
much slower
If most neurons in the human brain are interneurons, then the output of most
Input to other neurons
Spatially separate inputs to a neuron can be integrated so long as they have similar.
Spatial orientation
In general, the neuronal cell body combines inputs using
Addition
The presence of myelin sheath around an axon causes the action potential to
Travel faster
An electrical gradient exists when the inside of a neuron is ————- than the outside of the cell
Differently charged
Chemical solutions such as——— can inhibit action potentials so that we do not feel pain in the treated area
Lidocaine
Multiple Sclerosis affects the ability of the—- to function properly.
Ion channels
To determine if a neuron is selective for a particular face, we can compare its firing rate when the stimulus is shown to
Its firing rate when shown other faces
Neurons that have a preferred auditory frequency orientation exhibit a firing rate pattern that…
Shows no trial variability
Because neurons receive inputs from thousands of other neurons, the most important input feature is…
The total amount of input
Encoding information across a population of neurons can overcome all the following problems except..
Coordinating activity across neurons
Reminder to watch…
The Videos that are for this Chapter 1
