Attention part 2 Flashcards
Posner’s orienting task
Keep eyes fixed on the center.
A cue hints where the target will appear:
80% valid (cue is correct).
20% invalid (cue is misleading
Endogenous cueing:
attention is a voluntary, internal shift using symbolic cues (e.g., arrows), slower (~200ms), sustained, and goal-directed, driven by top-down processing and expectations.
Exogenous Cueing( Short delay,Long delay)
Short delay (≤100ms): Valid cue speeds detection.
Long delay (≥300ms): Valid cue causes slower response (IOR).
Posner’s orienting task with Vaild Trail( 3 things)
The cue location (where attention is directed).
The target location (same as the cue, since it’s valid).
The rectangle where both the cue and target appear.
How is target stimulus measured?
location is a measure of reaction time to a target stimulus
Event-related potentials (ERPs)( respones in the brain that occur as a reaction )
specific sensory, cognitive, or motor events
Sustained Attention Task( Participants fixate central lyattend left or right detecting )
randomly timed targets with sustained attention.
Neural Response to Attended vs. Unattended Stimuli
Larger neural response for attended vs. unattended stimuli
Attention affects both feedforward( looping)
processing and reentrant (looping) activity
Early effect at P1 and later effect again at N1… Why?
The P1 effect reflects early sensory processing.
while the N1 effect indicates deeper processing, bridging perception to cognition.
Neurons favor certain features covert attention
boosts firing and enhances visual processing.
Attention and neuronal firing
attention boosts neuron firing, enhances precision, filters noise, and improves information clarity.
Visual attention to objects in higher
visual association areas (Gazzaley et al. , 2005)
What brain areas respond differently to the different conditions?PAHSB
Prefrontal Cortex: More active in cognitive tasks, less in automatic processes.
Amygdala: More active in emotional or threat-related situations.
Hippocampus: Engaged in memory tasks, less in non-memory tasks.
Sensory Cortices: Respond more to relevant sensory stimuli.
Basal Ganglia: Active in motor and reward-related activities.
Visual attention to objects: (Greater activation in the fusiform face)
area when attending to the faces compared to passive viewing or when ignoring faces
Synchronizing Neurons & Binding Problem
Example: FFA-V5 synchronization aids face-motion perception.
Binding problem: Integrating color, shape, and motion.
Attention: Strengthens neuron synchronization for better processing.
Neglect Syndrome/ A right parietal lobe injury
A right parietal lobe injury can cause left-side neglect, an attention deficit affecting perception and response to stimuli without sensory or motor loss.
Case study: Left hemispatial
neglect affects both
real and imagined scenes but is not due to memory failure.
Types of Neglect (Spatial Neglect(Ingnoring),Location-Based Attention( focusing) Object-based(left side),Object based attion( Directing)
Spatial Neglect: Ignoring the left side of space.
Location-Based Attention: Focusing on specific regions.
Object-Based Neglect: Ignoring the left side of objects.
Object-Based Attention: Directing focus to specific objects, not just locations.
Neglect Rehabilitation Techniques
prism( adjusts spatial) , Visual Scanning( Guides) , Limb ( boots spatial)
Prism Adaptation Therapy: Adjusts spatial maps by shifting vision.
Visual Scanning Training: Guides systematic left-side scanning.
Limb Activation Therapy: Boosts spatial awareness through limb movement.
Attentional control network (endogenous and exogenous )
Regions involved in endogenous and exogenous shifts of attention
Frontal eye fields (FEF) in
voluntary attention control.(Gaze)
The frontal eye field (FEF) establishes gaze in accordance with cognitive goals (top-down processes)
* Helps us focus on particular stimuli
* Responsible for saccade.
Damage FEF:Gaze drifting
Gaze drifting – cannot suppress distraction
* Difficulty maintaining attention on particular object
* Impaired goal directed behavior.
The IPS controls voluntary attention creates creates priority maps..
enables covert shifts
TPJ (Temporo-Parietal Junction)
(TPJ) detects novelty and responds globally
Supplementary
Motor Area (SMA) –
endogenous attention
Internally guided sustained attention –attention directed by internal goals (top-down)
- Helps maintain focus on internal tasks and
action selection
Anterior Cingulate
Cortex (ACC)( Monitors conflict, detects errors, manages divided attention.)
keeps focus on relevant stimuli.
