EXAMPLE EXAM QUESTION Flashcards
Petechaie are best described as
tiny purple, red, or brown spots on the skin
Infective endocarditis will generally be treated with which group of medications?
Antibiotics
Which of the following is not an independent risk factor of coronary artery disease?
Corneal Arcus
An acidotic state is likely due to present with what breathing pattern?
Kussmalls
Bronchiectasis is likely to result in which type of sputum?
Yellow-green purulent
How many more times likely is a child with a congenital heart defect likely to suffer a stroke than a child with nil co-morbidities?
19
You ask your patient to shrug there shoulders. Which cranial nerve are you testing for?
11
A sharp unilateral periorbital pressure is likely to be which sort of headache?
Cluster
If a patient is suffering from an itchy, painful external ear canal, the course of treatment is likely to be what?
Ear drops
Which of the following does not form part of the centor critera?
Presence of cough
A boggy swelling over the point of the elbow without a history of trauma is likely to be what?
Olecranon bursitis
The Mills test is used to identify which of the following?
Lateral epicondylitis
Swelling in the posterior region of the knee without a pulsation is likely to be which of the following?
Bakers cyst
A palpable serous fluid filled cavity <1cm is otherwise known as
Vesicle
A butterfly appearance to a facial rash may be due to which of the following?
Lupus
During pregnancy, implantation bleeding typically happens at what period following fertilisation?
5 -12 days
Pregnancy increase the risk of DVT development by around which figure?
5 - 10 x
Which of the following delays the stages of healing?
Anti-coagulants
Intra-abdominal abscesses are a complication of Crohn’s disease?
True
what two muscles of the rotator cuff are prone to impingement? why?
supraspinatus and infraspinatus
these muscles help innovate abduction. overhead activities
what can a GP referral do for a shoulder injury?
start non invasive treatments e.g.
- physiotherapy
- corticosteroid injections
- surgery referral
what connects the radius to the humerus allowing for pronation and supination?
Annular ligament
nursemaids elbow is aka and most common in who
Pulled elbow and Children
Olecranon bursitis is…
inflammation of the bursae
Tennis elbow is more commonly known as?
pathophysiology of the injury?
Lateral epicondylitis
repetitive strain injury
conservative treatment for Olecranon bursitis
Aseptic - resolves in 8 weeks
Septic - requires antibiotics + close monitoring
Treatments of a septic joint
Effusion may be drained
persistent cases need corticoid steroid injections
name the 8 Carpal bones
Scaphoid
Lunate
Triquetrum
Pisiform
Trapezium
Trapezoid
Capitate
Hamate
most commonly injured carpal bone?
Scaphoid - size and prominence
Where is the sesamoid bone located?
between the metacarpal and proximal phalanges in the thumb
Which heart sound is purely pathological
S4 - Thrills
What are the 5 P’s of peripheral artery disease
Pallor
Paralysis
Parastesia
Pain
Pulse
What system assessment would you not complete auscultation last and why
Abdominal
Created bowel sounds from false movement
What should a patient say when assessing tactile felremitus
99
What lymph glands are located over the ears
Pre auricular
What joint is closest to the tip of the finger
Distal interpharangeal
What type of deformity presents in a patient with rickets
Valgus deformity
3 cranial nerves responsible for eye movements
Trochlear, occularmotor, abducens
How do you correctly document a lub dub sound with no adventitious sound on the heart valve auscultation
S1+S2+0
Which breathing pattern associated with metabolic acidosis
Kussmauls
3 vocal consolidation sounds when assessing breathing sounds
Egophany
Bronchophany
Wispered petriloquy
Which heart valve prevents blood returning to the right atrium during contractions
Tricuspid
How many grades of heart murmur are there
6
Which respiratory sound should be heard over the trachea over someone in good health
Bronchial sound
What tests for the LCL ligament
Varus stress test
What is the nerve ending affecting the funny bone?
Ulna nerve
What muscle and nerve does the regimental badge sign test?
Axillary nerve
Deltoid muscle
Where do you test for a scaphoid fracture?
Snuffbox
What cranial nerve is responsible for tounge twisters?
Hypoglossal
How far should a tongue depressor go into the mouth?
1/3rd
What are the 4 muscles of the rotator cuff?
Supraspinatus
Infraspinatus
Subscapularis
Teres minor
What tests for the MCL ligament?
Valgus test
What tests the nerves in the hand?
Kumars sign
What tests for cerebella function?
The Rhombergs Test
What are the 3 tests for vocal sounds?
Bronchophany, Egophany and Whispered Pectoriloquy
What is the threshold for a raised ICP?
Between 3-5cm
What are the two tests for pyelonephritis?
Kidney tenderness on palpation
CVA tenderness
what is the eye test chart called?
Snellen
what are the 6F’s of abdominal distention?
- fat
- fluid
- flatus
- faeces
- foetus
- fulminant mass
What three inputs does the cerebellum utilise to allow us to balance?
vestibular, visual, and proprioception
what are the sinuses most likely to be inflamed in the case of siusitis
maxillary and the anterior ethmoid sinuses.
Whispered pectoriloquy is a test for what in the lungs?
evaluate for the presence of lung consolidation
The Valgus stress test is in association with what ligament?
Medial collateral ligament
On auscultation of the heart valves, an S4 sound is always pathological. True or false?
True
Adam has fallen on his outstretched hand whilst his wrist was dorsiflexed, he appears to have a something fracture
what is something in this case?
Colles
Arabella has cut her hand on a trowel whilst gardening. Her family are opposed to vaccinations and she does not think she has ever had any. Under these circumstances, what vaccine should you advise her to consent to receiving? The _____________ vaccine.
Tetnus
You meet Terrence whilst on placement at a HASU. Terrence has a right sided facial drop. He has no headache and no other neurological deficit. A CT scan shows no indication of ischaemia.
You are asked to give Terrence the good news that he is not having a CVA or a TIA and that the likely diagnosis is ………….
Bells palsy
You are on placement in a UCC when you are asked to help keep eighteen month old Ronan still for otoscopy.
Ronan is very, very distressed and pulling at his ear. He is also pyrexic. The ENP tells you that his tympanic membrane is bulging and there is fluid behind it.
Your diagnosis (using correct, medical terminology) for this patient is
Otitis media
The most likely valve to be affected with endocarditis in the case of an intravenous drug user is the _____________ valve.
tricuspid
Which muscles comprise the rotator cuff?
Supraspinatus
Infraspinatus
Subscapularis
Teres minor
Where does the axillary nerve originate from?
C5 & C6
The cross body adduction test assesses for which two impingements?
supraspinatus & acromioclavicular joint
Which nerves does the Kumar’s Test assess?
Radial, medial and ulnar
Inability to oppose the thumb and index finger indicates damage to which nerve?
medial
Approximately how long does it take a ruptured tympanic membrane to heal?
3 months
Ottawa Ankle Rules?
Any one of the following:
Bone tenderness at the base of the fifth metatarsal (for foot injuries), OR
Bone tenderness at the navicular bone (for foot injuries), OR
An inability to bear weight both immediately and in the emergency department for four steps.
Parasternal heaves felt at the left sternal edge indicate what pathology?
Right ventricular enlargement
Which foreign object would Urgent Care Centre staff be unwilling to remove from eighteen month old Morag’s ear?
Group of answer choices
a lego head
b squashed pea
c spider
d battery
D
The presence of ptosis and nystagmus indicate a problem with which cranial nerve?
CN III
Apixaban, Aspirin, Atenolol, Prednisolone, Ramipril, Salbutamol and Simvastatin.
A patient presents with a two-day history of a sore throat. Upon inspection of the oral cavity you visualise unilateral bulging and a deviated uvula away from the bulging lesion. Which condition is most likely?
Peritonsillar abscess
Which of the following is the most common type of headache experienced?
Group of answer choices
Cluster
Caffeine related
Migraine
Tension type headache
Which of the following is NOT a NICE recommendation for transport to hospital following a head injury?
Group of answer choices
Regular corticosteroids
Persistent vomiting
Previous neurosurgery
Any clotting or bleeding disorders
Regular corticosteroids
During auscultation of the abdominal arteries, you hear a bruit, which of the following disease processes could this signify?
Group of answer choices
Liver cirrhosis
Sickle-cell anaemia
Malaria
Abdominal aortic aneurysm
Overflow diarrhoea is associated with which condition?
Group of answer choices
Crohn’s disease
Norovirus
Gastroenteritis
Bowel obstruction
Bowel obstruction
An ataxic gait is associated with with region of the brain?
Group of answer choices
Cerebellum
Frontal lobe
Occipital lobe
Temporal lobe
You assess a patient and notice that he has xanthelasma and corneal arcus. This indicates to you that the patient has what?
high colestrol
