Exam Revision Flashcards
B1: What are eukaryotic cells?
Cells from eukaryotes that have a cell membrane, cytoplasm, and genetic material enclosed in a nucleus.
B1: Name all measurements with their units and convert them to metres.
Kilometre(km) 1000m Metre(m) 1m Centimetre(cm) 0.01m Millimetre(mm) 0.001m Micrometre(μm) 0.000 001m Nanometre(nm) 0.000 000 001m
B1: What features does a plant cell consist of?
- Nucleus
- Cytoplasm
- Cell membrane
- Mitochondria
- Ribosomes
- Cell wall
- Chlorophyll
- Permanent vacuole
B1: What does an animal cell consist of?
- Nucleus
- Cytoplasm
- Cell membrane
- Mitochondria
- Ribosomes
B1: Name the different prts of a microscope
- Eyepiece lens
- Nosepiece
- Objective lens
- Coarse focus adjustment
- Stage
- Fine focus adjustment
- Diaphragm
- Clip
- Condenser
- Stage height adjustment
- Mirror/light source
B1: Explain how some of the micrscope features work.
Think about:
- Eyepiece lens
- Objective lens
- Coarse focusing wheel
- Fine focusing wheel
- Stage
- Mirror/light source
The eyepiece lens: This is the bit you look through and usually has a magnification of x10.
Coarse focusing wheel: Move stage up or down to change focus.
Fine focusing wheel: Makes the focus precise.
Objective lens: The magnify of the specimen on the slide.
x4 = low power x10 = medium power x40 = long power
Stage: This is used to hold what is trying to be seen or viewed and to clip the slide.
Mirror/light source: Shines light through the specimen.
B1: Name the specialised animal cells.
- Nerve cell
- Sperm cell
- Muscle cell
- Ciliated Epithelial cell
- Red blood cell
B1: Name the specialised plant cells.
- Root hair cells
- Photosynthetic cells
- Xylem cells
- Phloem cells
B1: What is magnification?
Magnification is a measure of how much bigger the image is compared to the real object.
B1: What is resolution?
Resolution is the ability to distringuish between separate photo.
B1: Which sorts of cells are ‘prokaryotic’?
Cells of bacteria.
B1: Which sort of cells are ‘eukaryotic’?
Cells of animals and plants.
B1: How do you convert from km to m to mm to μm to nm?
x1000 every conversion
B1: How do you convert from nm to μm to mm to m to km?
/1000 every conversion
B1: How do you calculate:
- Image size
- Actual size
- Magnification
- Actual Size x Magnification
- Image Size / Magnification
- Image Size / Actual Size
B1: Name two substances an animal needs to take in from the environment.
Animals need to take in substances such as oxygen and carbohydrates(food).
B1: Name two substances an animal needs to release into the environment.
Animals release substances into the air such as carbon dioxide and urea.
B1: What is the permanent vacuole?
A store of water.
B2: Why do organisms need new cells?
-To grow
-To replace worn out cells
-To repair damaged tissue
(Need the same genetic information to carry out the same job)
B2: How many chromosomes do humans have which have how many pairs?
46 chromsomes in 23 pairs.
B2: What is Mitosis and why is it important?
-Mitosis is the process where a set of chromosomes is pulled dividing the nucleus producing two identical cells.
Mitosis is important for:
- Growth
- Development in multicellular organisms
- Replacement of worn out or damaged cells
B2: Write a summary of what happens in stage 1-3 in cell division.
Stage 1:
- Replication of DNA to form two copies of each chromosome and synthesis of new sub cellular structures
- Numbers of sub-cellular structures (mitochondria, ribosomes and chloroplasts) increase so it’s ready for the cell to divide
Stage 2:
-One set of chromosomes is pulled to each end of the dividing cell and the nucleus divides
Stage 3:
-This is the stage during which the cytoplasm and the cell membranes also divide to form two identical daughter cells
B2: What is an embryonic stem cell?
A type of stem cell found in the embryo, capable of diving into almost any cell type. Capable of dividing into almost any cell type.
B2: What is an adult stem cell?
The type of stem cell only to be found in specific locations. Can only differentiate into a limited humber of cell types.
B2: What is differentiation?
As cells begin to become ‘specialised’ for specific jobs, they start to develop different features.
