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Science 2016-2017 > Exam Review > Flashcards

Exam Review Flashcards

1
Q

Put the five environmental organizations in order.

A

Organism- individual animal or plant
Population- organisms of the same species in the same area
Community- populations that interact with each other in a area
Ecosystem - community of organisms and the abiotic environment of the community*
Biosphere- the part of earth where life exists

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2
Q

Producers

A

Convert sunlight into food using photosynthesis.

Examples-
Plant, alge,bacteria

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3
Q

What does abiotic mean? Biotic?

A

Abiotic is non living -rock

Biotic is living- deer

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4
Q

Three symbotic relationships

Mutualism
Commensalism
Parasitism

A

Mutualism- A type of symbiosis where both organisms benefit.

Commensalism- a relationship in which one organism benefits and the other is unaffected

Parasitism-a symbolic association in which one organism benefits while the other is harmed

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5
Q

What is commensalism?

A

A type of symbiosis where one organism benefits and one is unaffected

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6
Q

What is parasitism?

A

A type of symbiosis where on organism benefits and the other is harmed.

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7
Q

What is coevolution?

What is predator/prey?

A

*Coevolution-A relationship where both organisms change over time to benefit each other
Prey- the organism that is being eaten
Predator- the organism that eats the prey

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8
Q

What are the seven different biomes?

A 
Tropical rainforests
Coniferous forest
Temperate deciduous forests
Savanna/temperate grassland
Desert
Tundra
Taiga
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9
Q

What are the four types of consumers? What do they eat?

A

Herbivores-plants
Carnivores-meat
Omnivores-both
Scavengers-dead plants and animals

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10
Q

What are decomposers?

A

They break down dead organisms. They produce h2o and CO2.

Natures recyclers.

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11
Q

What adaptions do plants and animals need to survive in estuaries?

A

They need to adapt to changing salt concentrations.

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12
Q

How quickly water moves is a factor

A

Abiotic

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13
Q

Algae is a ?

A

Producer

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14
Q

What are the three zones of a lake?

A

Open water zone
Littoral zone
Deep water zone

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15
Q

Name the 4 nonrenewable resources

A

Coal
Natural gas
Petroleum
Uranium(nuclear)

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16
Q

**Name the 6 renewable resources

A 
Biomass Agriculture 
Biomass Waste
Wind
Hydroelectric 
Solar
Geothermal
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17
Q

**What is an alternative energy source? Give an example?

A

Any energy source that is not a fossil fuel.

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18
Q

What are the four ocean zones?

A

Intertidal
Neritic
Oceanic
Benthic

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19
Q

What do the arrows mean on a food web?

A

The arrows show how energy moves when one organism eats another.

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20
Q

What are the six properties of minerals?

A 
Luster
Color
Streak
Cleavage and Fracture
Hardness
Density
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21
Q

What is luster?

A

The way a surface reflects light.

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22
Q

What is color?

A

The color of a mineral

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23
Q

What is streak?

A

The color of a mineral in powdered form.

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24
Q

*What is cleavage and fracture?

A

The way a mineral breaks:
Cleavage- along smooth flat surfaces
Fracture- unevenly along curved or irregular surfaces

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25
What is hardness?
A minerals resistance to scratching
26
What is density?
The measure of how much matter is in a given amount of space
27
What are the four questions to use when trying to figure out if something is a mineral?
Doe it have a definite crystalline structure? Is it a solid? Is it nonliving material? Is it formed in nature?
28
If a rock is fine grained it will take longer or shorter to cool? Will it have bigger or smaller crystals?
Shorter time | Smaller crystals
29
If a rock is course grained it will take longer or shorter to cool? Will the crystals be larger or smaller?
Longer time | Larger crystals
30
What is the Kimberly process?
Meetings of countries to discuss diamond trafficking
31
In what country do many of the blood diamonds come from?
Sierra Leone
32
What percentage of diamonds are illegal?
20%
33
How much money do smuggled diamonds account for in the industry?
1 billion
34
What are the three types of rocks?
Sedimentary Metamorphic Igneous
35
How is igneous rock formed?
Magma cools and solidifies.
36
How is sedimentary rock formed?
Forms near or at the earths surface from sediment.
37
How is metamorphic rock formed?
Formed from heat and pressure?
38
What are the five physical layers of the earth?
``` Lithosphere Asthenosphere Mesosphere Outer Core Inner Core ```
39
What is convergent, divergent, and transform boundaries.
Look at paper.
40
Add arrows to the three types of faults.
Paper
41
What is sea floor spreading? Where does most occur?
The process by which new oceanic lithosphere forms as magma, rises to the surface and solidifies. Most take place in the mid ocean ridges.
42
What is subduction? Where does it most occur?
The recycling of sea floor back into the earth. Most happens in the pacific
43
What is the continental drift theory? Who came up with it?
Hypothesis that the continents once formed a single land mass, broke up, and drifted to where they are today. Alfred Wegener.
44
What is competition?
When two or more individuals or populations try to use the same resource such as food, water, shelter,space, or sunlight.
45
What is a fossil fuel?
A nonrenewable energy source formed from the remains of plants and animals that lived long ago.
46
What is conservation?
The preservation and wise use of natural resources.
47
What is an exotic species?
An organism that makes a home for itself outside its native home.
48
What is biodiversity?
The number and variety of organisms in a habitat.
49
What is overpopulation?
The presence of too many individuals in an area for the available resources.
50
What is reduce?
Using less of natural resources to help prevent pollution.
51
What is reuse?
Reusing things instead of throwing them away. (Hand-me downs)
52
What is recycle?
The recovery of materials from waste
53
What is biodegradable?
Can be broke down by living organisms.
54
What is an energy pyramid?
A triangular diagram that show an ecosystems loss of energy, which results as energy passes through the ecosystems food chain.
55
What is a food web?
A diagram that shows the feeding relationships between organisms in an ecosystem.
56
What is a food chain?
**The pathway of energy transfer through various stages as a result of the feeding patterns of a series of organisms.
57
What is nuclear energy?
*Energy released by a fission or fusion reaction
58
What is chemical energy?
Energy released when a chemical compound reacts to produce new compounds.
59
What is kinetic energy?
Energy from movement.
60
What are consumers
Herbivores- only plants Carnivores-only animals Omnivors-both Scavenger-dead plants or animals Examples- cow, T. rex, grizzly, Vulture
61
Marine ecosystems
Intertidal area- muddy,flat, sandy beaches Coral reefs-warm shallow areas of neritic zone, made of small animals called corals. Estuaries-where fresh water meets salt water Sargasso Sea-middle of the Atlantic Ocean Polar ice-artic ocean and ocean around Antartica
62
Freshwater ecosystem
Stream and river- this water comes from melting ice or snow Pond and lake Wetland From a lake to a forest
63
How does freshwater bodies of water turn into forests?
Nutrients and sediment that fills the lake
64
Renewable source
Replenish themselves through natural processes within a human lifespan
65
Nonrenewable resource
Finite or take millions of years to replace
66
What is a biome?
A large naturally occurring community of different types of plants and animals.
67
What is stratification?
The process in which sedimentary rocks are arranged in layers
68
What is surface mining?
Mining at or near the earths surface to remove mineral deposits
69
What is a crystal?
A solid whose atoms and molecules are arranged in a definite pattern
70
What is subsurface mining?
A method used to deposit minerals located beneath earths surface
71
What is fine grained texture?
Quickly cooling magma
72
What is course grained rock?
Slowly cooling magma
73
What is strata?
Layers of rock

Science 2016-2017 (12 decks)

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