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Science 2016-2017 > Exam Review > Flashcards

Exam Review Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Put the five environmental organizations in order.

A

Organism- individual animal or plant
Population- organisms of the same species in the same area
Community- populations that interact with each other in a area
Ecosystem - community of organisms and the abiotic environment of the community*
Biosphere- the part of earth where life exists

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2
Q

Producers

A

Convert sunlight into food using photosynthesis.

Examples-
Plant, alge,bacteria

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3
Q

What does abiotic mean? Biotic?

A

Abiotic is non living -rock

Biotic is living- deer

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4
Q

Three symbotic relationships

Mutualism
Commensalism
Parasitism

A

Mutualism- A type of symbiosis where both organisms benefit.

Commensalism- a relationship in which one organism benefits and the other is unaffected

Parasitism-a symbolic association in which one organism benefits while the other is harmed

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5
Q

What is commensalism?

A

A type of symbiosis where one organism benefits and one is unaffected

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6
Q

What is parasitism?

A

A type of symbiosis where on organism benefits and the other is harmed.

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7
Q

What is coevolution?

What is predator/prey?

A

*Coevolution-A relationship where both organisms change over time to benefit each other
Prey- the organism that is being eaten
Predator- the organism that eats the prey

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8
Q

What are the seven different biomes?

A 
Tropical rainforests
Coniferous forest
Temperate deciduous forests
Savanna/temperate grassland
Desert
Tundra
Taiga
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9
Q

What are the four types of consumers? What do they eat?

A

Herbivores-plants
Carnivores-meat
Omnivores-both
Scavengers-dead plants and animals

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10
Q

What are decomposers?

A

They break down dead organisms. They produce h2o and CO2.

Natures recyclers.

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11
Q

What adaptions do plants and animals need to survive in estuaries?

A

They need to adapt to changing salt concentrations.

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12
Q

How quickly water moves is a factor

A

Abiotic

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13
Q

Algae is a ?

A

Producer

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14
Q

What are the three zones of a lake?

A

Open water zone
Littoral zone
Deep water zone

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15
Q

Name the 4 nonrenewable resources

A

Coal
Natural gas
Petroleum
Uranium(nuclear)

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16
Q

**Name the 6 renewable resources

A 
Biomass Agriculture 
Biomass Waste
Wind
Hydroelectric 
Solar
Geothermal
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17
Q

**What is an alternative energy source? Give an example?

A

Any energy source that is not a fossil fuel.

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18
Q

What are the four ocean zones?

A

Intertidal
Neritic
Oceanic
Benthic

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19
Q

What do the arrows mean on a food web?

A

The arrows show how energy moves when one organism eats another.

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20
Q

What are the six properties of minerals?

A 
Luster
Color
Streak
Cleavage and Fracture
Hardness
Density
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21
Q

What is luster?

A

The way a surface reflects light.

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22
Q

What is color?

A

The color of a mineral

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23
Q

What is streak?

A

The color of a mineral in powdered form.

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24
Q

*What is cleavage and fracture?

A

The way a mineral breaks:
Cleavage- along smooth flat surfaces
Fracture- unevenly along curved or irregular surfaces

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25
Q

What is hardness?

A

A minerals resistance to scratching

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26
Q

What is density?

A

The measure of how much matter is in a given amount of space

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27
Q

What are the four questions to use when trying to figure out if something is a mineral?

A

Doe it have a definite crystalline structure?
Is it a solid?
Is it nonliving material?
Is it formed in nature?

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28
Q

If a rock is fine grained it will take longer or shorter to cool? Will it have bigger or smaller crystals?

A

Shorter time

Smaller crystals

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29
Q

If a rock is course grained it will take longer or shorter to cool?
Will the crystals be larger or smaller?

A

Longer time

Larger crystals

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30
Q

What is the Kimberly process?

A

Meetings of countries to discuss diamond trafficking

31
Q

In what country do many of the blood diamonds come from?

A

Sierra Leone

32
Q

What percentage of diamonds are illegal?

A

20%

33
Q

How much money do smuggled diamonds account for in the industry?

A

1 billion

34
Q

What are the three types of rocks?

A

Sedimentary
Metamorphic
Igneous

35
Q

How is igneous rock formed?

A

Magma cools and solidifies.

36
Q

How is sedimentary rock formed?

A

Forms near or at the earths surface from sediment.

37
Q

How is metamorphic rock formed?

A

Formed from heat and pressure?

38
Q

What are the five physical layers of the earth?

A 
Lithosphere
Asthenosphere
Mesosphere
Outer Core
Inner Core
39
Q

What is convergent, divergent, and transform boundaries.

A

Look at paper.

40
Q

Add arrows to the three types of faults.

A

Paper

41
Q

What is sea floor spreading? Where does most occur?

A

The process by which new oceanic lithosphere forms as magma, rises to the surface and solidifies. Most take place in the mid ocean ridges.

42
Q

What is subduction? Where does it most occur?

A

The recycling of sea floor back into the earth. Most happens in the pacific

43
Q

What is the continental drift theory? Who came up with it?

A

Hypothesis that the continents once formed a single land mass, broke up, and drifted to where they are today. Alfred Wegener.

44
Q

What is competition?

A

When two or more individuals or populations try to use the same resource such as food, water, shelter,space, or sunlight.

45
Q

What is a fossil fuel?

A

A nonrenewable energy source formed from the remains of plants and animals that lived long ago.

46
Q

What is conservation?

A

The preservation and wise use of natural resources.

47
Q

What is an exotic species?

A

An organism that makes a home for itself outside its native home.

48
Q

What is biodiversity?

A

The number and variety of organisms in a habitat.

49
Q

What is overpopulation?

A

The presence of too many individuals in an area for the available resources.

50
Q

What is reduce?

A

Using less of natural resources to help prevent pollution.

51
Q

What is reuse?

A

Reusing things instead of throwing them away. (Hand-me downs)

52
Q

What is recycle?

A

The recovery of materials from waste

53
Q

What is biodegradable?

A

Can be broke down by living organisms.

54
Q

What is an energy pyramid?

A

A triangular diagram that show an ecosystems loss of energy, which results as energy passes through the ecosystems food chain.

55
Q

What is a food web?

A

A diagram that shows the feeding relationships between organisms in an ecosystem.

56
Q

What is a food chain?

A

**The pathway of energy transfer through various stages as a result of the feeding patterns of a series of organisms.

57
Q

What is nuclear energy?

A

*Energy released by a fission or fusion reaction

58
Q

What is chemical energy?

A

Energy released when a chemical compound reacts to produce new compounds.

59
Q

What is kinetic energy?

A

Energy from movement.

60
Q

What are consumers

A

Herbivores- only plants
Carnivores-only animals
Omnivors-both
Scavenger-dead plants or animals

Examples- cow, T. rex, grizzly,
Vulture

61
Q

Marine ecosystems

A

Intertidal area- muddy,flat, sandy beaches
Coral reefs-warm shallow areas of neritic zone, made of small animals called corals.
Estuaries-where fresh water meets salt water
Sargasso Sea-middle of the Atlantic Ocean
Polar ice-artic ocean and ocean around Antartica

62
Q

Freshwater ecosystem

A

Stream and river- this water comes from melting ice or snow
Pond and lake
Wetland
From a lake to a forest

63
Q

How does freshwater bodies of water turn into forests?

A

Nutrients and sediment that fills the lake

64
Q

Renewable source

A

Replenish themselves through natural processes within a human lifespan

65
Q

Nonrenewable resource

A

Finite or take millions of years to replace

66
Q

What is a biome?

A

A large naturally occurring community of different types of plants and animals.

67
Q

What is stratification?

A

The process in which sedimentary rocks are arranged in layers

68
Q

What is surface mining?

A

Mining at or near the earths surface to remove mineral deposits

69
Q

What is a crystal?

A

A solid whose atoms and molecules are arranged in a definite pattern

70
Q

What is subsurface mining?

A

A method used to deposit minerals located beneath earths surface

71
Q

What is fine grained texture?

A

Quickly cooling magma

72
Q

What is course grained rock?

A

Slowly cooling magma

73
Q

What is strata?

A

Layers of rock

Science 2016-2017 (12 decks)

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