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exam questions typa style Flashcards

1
Q

Blood films shows presence of blast cells in a child ?

A

=> acute lymphocytic leukaemia

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2
Q

What is retinitis pigmentosa

A

Breakdown of cells in the retina causing vision loss

Genetic disease

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3
Q

Causes of respiratory alkalosis

A

Hyperventilation type events ie panic attack, pregnancy, fever, trauma

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4
Q

*bag of worms

A

Varicocele

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5
Q

Investigation for child UTI

A

Urine culture

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6
Q

What is Kawasaki’s

A

A condition that mainly affects children under the age of 5, aka mucotaneous lymph node syndrome

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7
Q

most common type of cancer in men

A

Prostate

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8
Q

1st sign of puberty in girls

A

Breast bud development

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9
Q

Indications for dialysis

A

-intractable hyperkalaemia
-acidosis
-uraemia symptoms
-resistant fluid overload
-CKD stage 5

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10
Q

Clinical feature of primary open angle glaucoma

A

Vision loss at the peripherals

Intense eye pain

Nausea + vomiting

Headache

Tenderness around the eyes

Halos

Blurred visions

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11
Q

drugs that exacerbate gout

A

Thiazide diuretics ie bendroflumethiazide

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12
Q

Consequences of uraemia

A

Increased cardiovascular problems

-hypertension, atherosclerosis, valvular stenosis and insufficiency, chronic heart failure and angina

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13
Q

Bell’s palsy

A

Unilateral facial weakness
Drooping eyelid and corner of mouth

Damage to cn VII

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14
Q

most common cause of compression of cn iii

A

Micro vascular infarct

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15
Q

macroscopic vs microscopic haematuria

A
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16
Q

which anti-hypertensive drugs can you administer with kidney damage

A

ACEi + ARBs

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17
Q

Ent disease that would show a mixed pattern hearing loss

A

Otosclerosis

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18
Q

Definition pre-term infant

A

Born before 37 weeks

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19
Q

Antibiotic avoided in facial acne

A

Topical erythromycin

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20
Q

What age group is adhd recognised in

A

Under 12 years old

Can be as early as 4 years old

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21
Q

Investigation for septal haematoma

A

Nasal speculum or otoscope

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22
Q

Common cause for sensineural hearing loss in a child of 2 years

A

Infection
Trauma

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23
Q

6-week old screening test for babies at primary care

A

Newborn physical examination = eyes, heart, hips, testicles

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24
Q

Hutchinson’s sign

A

Peringual extension of brown-black pigmentation from longitudinal melanonychia onto the proximal and lateral
Nailfolds

+ rash on nose (herpes zoster opthalmicus +)

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25
Q

What indicates poor asthmatic control in a child

A

Shortness of breath , coughing wheezing, chest tightness

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26
Q

Indication for dilution of urine

A

Too much water in urine

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27
Q

How do you manage a night stick fracture

A

Forearm bracing + early mobilisation
‘Long forearm ulnar gutter splint’

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28
Q

Most common causes of CKD

A

Diabetes and high blood pressure

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29
Q

What is the neural crest

A

An embryonic cell type that is unique to vertebrates and forms numerous diverse derivatives

Found at the side of the neural tube proximal to the epidermal layer after granulation

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30
Q

Symptoms of Kawasaki’s

A

Rash
Swollen glands in neck
Dry red cracked lips
Swollen, bumpy red tongue - strawberry tongue
Red inside the mouth and at the back of the throat
Swollen and red hands and feet
Red eyes

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31
Q

management of kawasakis

A

IV immunoglobulins

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32
Q

Complication of kawasakis

A

Vasculitis > heart complications

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33
Q

*strawberry tongue

A

Kawasakis or scarlet fever

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34
Q

*dry, red cracked lips in a child under 5

A

Kawasaki’s

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35
Q

Management of seronegative arthritis

A

Analgesia
NSAIDs
Corticosteroids
DMARDs
Biologics

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36
Q

Isotonic vs isometric

A

Isotonic = same tension - the weight on your muscles stays constant

Isometric = same length - muscles do no get longer or shorter

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37
Q

Cardiovascular medication that causes dry mouth

A

ACEis + CCBs

Enalapril and nifedipine

38
Q

Collagen vs elastin on histology

A
39
Q

What would pituitary adenoma show on test results

A

Low testerone
Low cortisol
Slightly low thyroxin

40
Q

Side effects of progesterone

A

May cause dark patches to appear on your face
May cause bleeding or spotting > could cause uterine lining to shed a bit early

41
Q

What is indicative of how dilute urine is ?

A

Specific gravity

42
Q

26 year old woman present to her GP with 2 day history of macroscopic haematuria, accompanied by left loin pain
Her mother is on regular haemodialysis and her maternal uncle had a subarachnoid haemorrhage

What does she have?

A

Polycystic kidney disease

43
Q

Medication to give to someone with suspected IgA nephropathy and blood pressure is still not under control

A

ACEi

44
Q

What medication exacerbates gout

A

Thiazide like diuretic

45
Q

A 68 year old man, smoking since he was 18, attends GP with pain in his calves which comes on after about 50 metres
On examination his bp = 179/64 urinalysis shows protein ++ and no blood
His GP checks renal function = urea at 1pm mol/l and creatinine 190

What is the likely diagnosis

A

Renal artery stenosis

46
Q

Too much urea in the body causes what?

A

Encephalopathy , nausea , anorexia, pericarditis, neuropathy and asterisks

47
Q

Bag of worms

A

Varicocele

48
Q

What is an indication for dialysis’s

A

Severe metabolic acidosis ie pH < 7.15

49
Q

Which nerve is most likely to be affected with a patient presenting with a painful vesicular rash and positive Hutchinson’s sign ?

A

Nasal-ciliary nerve

50
Q

78 year old presents with gradual painless loss of vision in both eyes, visual acuities are 6/12 adn 6/18 red reflexes are diminished on examination

What is the most likely diagnosis

A

Wet ARMD

51
Q

Heritability of retinitis pigmentosa ?

A

50%

52
Q

What innervates closing the eyelid (orbicualr action)

A

Facial nerve (CN VII)

53
Q

A patient attends the eye clinic complaining of sudden onset double vision, on examination they have a manifest right convergent squint and are unable to abduct the right eye

A

6th nerve palsy (abducens)

54
Q

A 68 year old diabetic woman presents to GP complaining of acute onset double vision
On examination her right eye is displaced and down and out and there is ptosis of her upper eye lid
There is no pupillary involvement

What is the most likely cause ?

A

Micro vascular infarct - this is a 3rd nerve palsy with no pupil involvement and no pain
The most likely reason is micro vascular disease associated with age and diabetes

55
Q

A patient presents to their optician and is diagnosed with primary open angle glaucoma - what clinical feature is there ?

A

Cupping of the optic disc

56
Q

Conductive hearing loss on a 58 year old

A

Otosclerosis

57
Q

A 60 year old male complains of 6 weeks history of sore throat and hoarse voice - what is the most likely diagnosis

A

Laryngopharyngeal reflux is the retrograde flow of gastric contents into the upper aero digestive tract

58
Q

How to protect children from epiglottitis

A

Hib vaccine

59
Q

A 2 year old boy has demonstratable sensorineural hearing loss on audiograms

What is the most likely diagnosis

A

Congenital CMV

60
Q

Unilateral sore throat pain and dysphagia adn visible pus - Likely diagnosis

A

Peritonsillar abscess

61
Q

Mixed hearing loss gradual

A

Otosclerosis

62
Q

Mixed hearing loss acute

A

Head injury

63
Q

Broken nose investigation

A

None

64
Q

Management of bronchiolitis

A

Admit , supportive therapy

65
Q

Which antibiotic should be avoided in Yung girls

A

Tetracycline

66
Q

First sign of puberty in girls

A

Breast development

67
Q

What does the 6-week screening check include

A

To look for :

Congenital cataracts

68
Q

6 year old girl recently been treated by GP for a proven urinary tract infection

What is the most appropriate investigation ?

A

No investigation required

69
Q

At what point would jaundice be physiological

A

Should resolve within 2 weeks

70
Q

At what point is jaundice due to haemolysis

A

Present within 24 hours

71
Q

What age group is ADHD usually recognised

A

6-12 year olds

72
Q

What symptoms would suggest poorly controlled asthma ? In a 8 year old

A

Chronic night cough

73
Q

Define pre term infant

A

Gestation age less than 37 weeks

74
Q

Drugs that exacerbate gout

A

Aspirin
Thiazide diuretics

75
Q

Diffuse systemic sclerosis antibody

A

Scl-70

(CREST + abdominal pain/bloating

Internal organ involvement)

76
Q

Limited systemic sclerosis antibody

A

Anti-centromere

(No internal organ involvement)

77
Q

Antibody associated with Dermatomyositis and polymyositis

A

Anti-Jo1

78
Q

Virus associated with erythema infectiosum

A

Parvovirus B16

79
Q

Specific beta blocker used for symptomatic relief of hyperthyroidism

A

propanolol

80
Q

Side effect of Carbimazole

A

Agranulocytosis - be very careful of patients presenting with painful cough

81
Q

Definitive management of hyperthyroidism

A

Carbimazole

82
Q

Gold standard investigation for suspected ankolysing spondylitis

A

X-ray

where you would see sacroilitis (fusion of sacro-iliac joints)

83
Q

What do delta cells produce

A

Somatostatin

84
Q

What cells produce insulin

A

Beta cells of pancreas

85
Q

What do chief cells produce

A

Pepsinogen

86
Q

What do alpha cells produce

A

Glucagon

87
Q

What causes the release glucose from glucagon

A

Low blood sugar > releases glycogen from the liver > stimulates the release of glycogen phosphorylase > cleaves glucagon into glucose

88
Q

*unrelenting high blood pressure and low potassium

A

Hyperaldosteronism

89
Q

*raised ALP, but calcium and phosphate are normal

A

Pagets

89
Q

*raised ALP, but calcium and phosphate are normal

A

Pagets

90
Q

Which 2 nerves run through internal acoustic meatus

A

Vestibulocochlear
Facial

everything (29 decks)

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