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Research Methods > Exam Qs > Flashcards

Exam Qs Flashcards

1
Q

In the context of ANOVA, the term ‘MS’ refers to

A

Variability

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2
Q

What do you need to know to calculate the MS in an ANOVA

A

Sum of squares

df

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3
Q

How many null hypotheses are typically associated with a 2-way factorial ANOVA?

A

3

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4
Q

What is the main advantage of undertaking an experiment with a repeated measures design over an independent-groups design

A

You don’t need to include as many participants

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5
Q

A researcher conducts a study that has 3 factors.

Each factor has 2 levels.

All participants take part in all conditions.

What type of ANOVA would be appropriate?

A

2x2x2 repeated-measures ANOVA

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6
Q

When should a mixed factorial ANOVA be avoided?

A

When all participants undertake all conditions.

When there are only 2 groups of participants undertaking a single condition

When there is only 1 group of participants undertaking only 2 conditions

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7
Q

Which of these tests offers the highest level of protection against type 1 errors?

Tukey’s HSD

Scheffe’s

Fisher’s LSD

Bonferroni

A

Tukey’s HSD

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8
Q

Which of these corrections is related to sphericity?

LSD

Hugh-Feldt

Bonferroni

A

Hugh-Feldt

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9
Q

Is sample size an ethical issue?

A

Yes

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10
Q

Which of these tests is most prone to type-2 errors?

Tukey’s HSD

Scheffe’s

Fishers LSD

Bonferroni

A

Bonferroni

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11
Q

Which tests have greater statistical power?

Parametric or non-parametric

A

Parametric tests

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12
Q

What type of test should a researcher use to analyse nominal data?

A

Chi-squared

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13
Q

Which of the following is an example of a true experimental design?

Casual comparison

Static group comparison

Convenience sampling

RCT

A

RCT

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14
Q

Which of these is an example of a quasi-experimental design?

RCT

Solomon 4group design

Static group comparison

Pre-experimental design

A

Static group comparison

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15
Q

Which of the following tests in the non-parametric equivalent of the independent samples t-test?

Wilcoxon signed-rank test

Friedmans ANOVA

Mann-Whitney U test

Spearman’s Rank order correlation

A

Mann whitney u test

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16
Q

Which declaration is a statement of ethical principles for medical research involving human subjects, including research on identifiable human material and data?

A

The Helsinki Declaration

17
Q

In the context of ANOVA, variability is the

A

Mean square

18
Q

How is mean square calculated?

A

Sum of squares / df

19
Q

When conducting post-hoc comparisons in the 1-way independent ANOVA, what procedure is most likely to yield statistically significant differences between group means?

A

Tukeys HSD

20
Q

In multiple regression case wise diagnostics, if you had a normal sample, 95% of cases would have standardised residuals with what range

A

-2 to 2

21
Q

A study has 3 groups each with 8 participants.

If the SSm for this study is 38.26, what would the SSbetween be?

A

38.26 x 8 = 306.08

22
Q

In the formula for Chi-square what does O mean

A

Observed frequency

23
Q

How many null hypothesis could be associated with a 3x2x2 repeated measures factorial ANOVA?

A

3

24
Q

Which value is most relevant in an experimental context, population variance or sample variance?

A

Sample variance

25
Q

Which value tells us the total dispersion of values in the data set from the mean?

A

Sum of squared errors

26
Q

Why might the use of a 2 group pre and post test study give you an advantage over one group pre and post test study

A

By measuring twice, the researcher can establish an effect within 1 group that may result from exposure to a manipulation.

27
Q

Define inter-rater reliability

A

Measures the degree of agreement between different people observing/assessing the same thing

28
Q

Define split-half reliability

A

A test for a single knowledge area is split into 2 parts + then both parts given to 1 group of students at the same time.

29
Q

What does it mean if the Durbin-Watson statistic has a value close to 2?

A

The assumption of independence of errors has been met

30
Q

How many DV and IV are in a 2-way fully repeated measure ANOVA

A

1 DV

2IV

31
Q

What are the consequences to the degrees of freedom after applying the Greenhouse-Geisser correction factor?

A

Value of the Greenhouse-Geisser epsilon = 0.934.

So the Df for each of the Greenhouse-Geisser tests are 0.934 times the Df for the Sphericity Assumed tests.

32
Q

When assessing whether the results of a study conducted on a sample of participants can be generalised to the population, what are we referring to?

A

External validity

33
Q

How can you calculate how many groups took part in the study from the ANOVA SPSS output?

A

df between = no. of groups -1

So if df between groups = 5

Then 5 + 1

34
Q

Calculation for the df interaction

A

(n-1)(k-1)

no. of columns -1)(no. of rows-1

Research Methods (13 decks)

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