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Sociology > Exam-packet and book > Flashcards

Exam-packet and book Flashcards

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Sociology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Bilateral descent

A

The reckoning of descent through both the mothers and fathers families

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2
Q

Endogamy

A

A rule that requires a person to marry from within his or her own group- tribe, nationality, religion, race, community, or other social group

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3
Q

Equalitarian authority

A

A patter in which power within the family is vested equally in males and females

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4
Q

Exogamy

A

A rule that requires a person to marry someone from outside his or her own group

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5
Q

Extended family

A

A household consisting of married couples from different generations, their children, and other relatives; the core family consists of blood relatives, with spouses being rubicon ally marginal and peripheral

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6
Q

Family

A

A group of people who are united by ties of marriage, ancestry, or adoption and are recognized by community members as constituting a single household and having the responsibility for reading children

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7
Q

Family of orientation

A

A nuclear family consisting o f oneself and ones father, mother, and siblings

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8
Q

Family of procreation

A

A nuclear family consisting of oneself and ones spouse and ones children

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9
Q

Group marriage

A

Marriage consisting of two or more wife’s ad two or more husbands

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10
Q

Kibbutzim

A

Collective settlements in Israel where individuals work for, and children are raised by, the community as a whole

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11
Q

Marriage

A

A socially recognized union between two or more individuals that thou ally involves sexual and economic rights and duties

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12
Q

Matriarchy

A

A pattern in which power within the family is vested into females

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13
Q

Matrilineal descent

A

The reckoning of descent through the mothers family only

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14
Q

Matrilocal residence

A

An arrangement in which the married couple up marriage sets up housekeeping with or near the wife’s family

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15
Q

Monogamy

A

Marriage consisting of one husband and one wife

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16
Q

Neolocal residence

A

An arrangement in which the married couple upon marriage were up a new residence

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17
Q

Nuclear family

A

A household consisting spouses snd their childrenD blood relatives are functionally marginal and peripheral

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18
Q

Patriarchy

A

A pattern in which power within the family is vested in males

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19
Q

Patrilineal descent

A

The reckoning of descent through the fathers family only

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20
Q

Patrilocal residence

A

An arrangement where upon marriage the married couple sets up housekeeping with or near the husbands family

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21
Q

Polygyny

A

Marriage consisting of one husband and two or more wives

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22
Q

Two career marriage

A

A marriage in which both partners pursue careers Ourside the home

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23
Q

Two location (commuter) marriage

A

A marriage in which husband and wife spend some of the time living in doers he residences in order to pursue their respective careers

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24
Q

Polyandry

A

Marriage consisting of two or more husbands and one wife

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25
Q

Functionalist perspective on family

A

Looks at the consequences of families of the survival of society. The institution of family serves 5 functions

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26
Q

What five functions does a family serve

A
  1. Regulation in sexual behavior, in part through the incest taboo
  2. Reproduction of the next generation
  3. Socialization
  4. Care and protection of helpless infants
  5. Social placement of individuals into natural, ethnic, racial, religious, class, and community categories.
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27
Q

Conflict perspective

A

Interpersonal conflict and violence are ordinary family life.
Compete for scarce resources and rewards.
Members negotiate certain rights and responsibilities.
Conflict is lessened in intensity but not frequency bc they continue to live w each other after a fight

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28
Q

Symbolic interactionist perspective

A

Look at face to face interactions: language, gestures, dress that create shared meanings
Relationships rights and responsibilities constantly changing and redefined
(Couple that lived together then got married… How change?) View the family as a site of social reproduction where meanings are negotiated and maintained by family members

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29
Q

What is the family?

A

Look at 3 perspectives

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30
Q

Incest Taboo

A

A norm forbidding marriage between close relatives

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31
Q

Homogamy

A

The tendency to marry someone similar to oneself

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32
Q

Socioemotional Maintenance

A

Provision of acceptance and support

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33
Q

Marriage rate

A

The number of marriages per year for every one thousand members of a population

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34
Q

Divorce rate

A

The number of divorces per year for every one thousand members of the population

35
Q

Adolescents

A

Youths from the ages of twelve to seventeen

36
Q

Cohabitation

A

A marriage like living arrangement without the legal obligations and responsibilities of formal marriage

37
Q

Boomerang kids

A

Adult children who return to the home of origin or who continue to live with parents

38
Q

How did family structures develop?

A

The development of agriculture and industry shaped family structures. In early societies hunting and gathering were family activities.

39
Q

How does the family socialize children?

A

The family acts as role models to infants when they learn to talk and behave

40
Q

What is the reproduction function of the family?

A

The family produces new members to society

41
Q

How does the family regulate sexual activity?

A

The family teaches abstinence and safe sex

42
Q

How does the family transmit social status?

A

Families with more money tend to pass on to the kids that getting a degree is important. Rather than families with less money that the kids feel they don’t need to work as hard to get a degree.

43
Q

What is the economic function of the family?

A

The modern American family is a unit of consumption. Adult members work and out their money together to buy what is needed. The family provides what is needed.

44
Q

How does conflict theory explain gender relationships in the family?

A

According to conflict theorists, males are dominant and in control; females have been expected to be helpers. Men work, women stay home and tend to the children and house

45
Q

How do the ideas of feminist writers fit with conflict theory?

A

Feminist writers believe that family structure is the reason why there’s inequality between men and women

46
Q

How does the family help develop a person’s self concept?

A

Interactions with adults help children gain their personality and social characteristics

47
Q

What are the causes of divorce?

A

The age of people when they marry.
How many years the partners have been married.
The nature and quality of the relationship.

48
Q

What does the future for marriage look like?

A

There’s a chance that the decline of the divorce rate will continue

49
Q

Is abuse always directed against women?

A

No men get abused and are in abusive relationships but they are frequently overlooked because families tend to be more dominate

50
Q

Is abuse always physical?

A

No it can also be verbal and psychological abuse. Feelings of self hate and worthlessness can be as damaging as physical wounds.

51
Q

What is the most common form of family violence?

A

Sibling violence. This happens because of rivalry, jealousy, disagreements over personal possessions, and incest.

52
Q

What major problems face blended families?

A

Money difficulties: males have to pay child support for kids of a previous marriage and sometimes the stepmom has to step in and help resulting in feelings of unfairness because that woman is spending money on a child that isn’t hers.
Step children’s antagonism: stepchildren might try to ruin the marriage because they want their mom and dad to get back together
Unclear roles: step parents aren’t sure if they should step in as a parent because they aren’t the real father or mother

53
Q

Why do women head the vast majority of single-parent households?

A

Women get custody of the child after a divorce usually. Well educated women are starting to adopt and raise that child because financially they can do it

54
Q

Jack is a successful lawyer married to Jill, successful business executive. Jill’s company transfers her from New York to San Francisco. Jack decided to keep his job and the family house in New York, while Jill rents a smal apartment near her job in San Francisco. This is an example of:

A

Commuter marriage

55
Q

Which of the following is s true statement about the consequences of divorce?

A

About 25% of people remarry within a year

56
Q

Which of the following couples Is most likely to get a divorce?

A

Ken and Barbie live in nyc and, though both have jobs, Barbie does the housework

57
Q

Which factor has not contributed to the apparent rise in rates of divorce in the U.S.

A

Shifts to values emphasizing self-sacrifice and commitment

58
Q

Which is the best method for measuring the divorce rate

A

Carrying out a longitudinal study by following a sample of people throughout their adult lifetimes

59
Q

Which is not offered as an explanation as to why 1.8 million wives are beaten by their husbands each year?

A

Men are physically stronger than women

60
Q

The use within the American family

A

All of the above

61
Q

In comparing working class and business class families over the past 50 years, Caplow and Chadwick found

A

A partial convergence in family patterns between the two social classes

62
Q

When compared with families in the or professional class, working class families

A

Emphasize initiative, creativity, and self-discipline in rearing children

63
Q

According to Eleanor Maccoby, the single parent family

A

May fail to socialize children properly

64
Q

The modern nuclear family is characterized by which of the following

A

Economic gain of individuals prevail over kin obligations

65
Q

One disadvantage of romantic love as a basis for marriage is

A

Romantic love thrives on mystery and does not prepare a couple for the businesslike nature of an enduring relationship

66
Q

Mary’s parents encourage her to attend a small, church related liberal arts college because they hope she will Mary a man of religious faith. This illustrates the pattern of

A

subsurface controls

67
Q

Which is not a common pattern in the selection of marriage partners

A

Marriage partners are freely chosen w no explicit or implicit social pressure

68
Q

Which is a false statement about the relationship between industrialization and family patterns

A

Industrialization caused the appearance of the nuclear family

69
Q

Which is a characteristic of families in hunting and gathering societies

A

Equalitarian

70
Q

Most social scientists would explain the origins of of different family firms in terms of

A

Differences in subsistence strategies

71
Q

Which is not part of the definition of a family

A

A group which in which adult males have the most authority

72
Q

Which is not one of the functions typically assigned to families

A

Production and distribution of essential goods and services

73
Q

In comparing the wide variations in family organizations among the Nayer, the Dani, and Israelis living on kibbutzim, the important sociological conclusion is

A

A wide variety of family organizations can produce healthy, socialized children

74
Q

What are the effects of single-parent families on children?

A

Children of single parent homes have higher rates of deviant behavior because the parent can’t give that child enough attention or their time

75
Q

Why are some married women now choosing not to have children?

A

Stigmas of a childless marriage have disappeared. It is no longer accepted that having children is the primary reason of marriage. Women decide that they want to pursue careers instead of raising a child

76
Q

Are marriages happier with or without children?

A

It depends on the couple

77
Q

What are drawbacks to the dual-employed family?

A

You don’t have a lot of time because you have to juggle jobs household care and childcare.

78
Q

Is there a positive to dual employment?

A

It is beneficial to women psychologically. Provides a wider set of social relationships.

79
Q

Is cohabitation a workable alternative to marriage?

A

Cohabitation isn’t a workable alternative because of the lack of commitment and abuse

80
Q

Why are more Americans choosing to live alone?

A

Americans want to either remain unmarried, pursue their careers, or raise children from a former marriage

81
Q

Will the current trend toward remaining single continue?

A

It is too early to predict because people aren’t necessarily rejecting marriage. They want to express their freedom after they leave home.

82
Q

Why are more adult children returning home?

A

Young adults are marrying later. They want to continue their studies and living at home is the most affordable. They also come home after college to be able to save up and find a place for their own

83
Q

What are some consequences of the boomerang effect?

A

The adult children don’t help pay to live there. The adult children invade the privacy of their parents.

84
Q

What is the future of the American family?

A

The trend toward more working parents is likely to continue but the American family is ever changing

Sociology (11 decks)

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