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Sociology > Chapter 7 > Flashcards

Chapter 7 Flashcards

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Sociology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Reasons for high rate of recidivism

A
  1. The basic nature of the offenders
  2. Influence of more hardened criminals
  3. The stigma of being an ex convict
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2
Q

Rehabilitation

A

Approach to crime which attempts to resocialize criminals.

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3
Q

Incarceration

A

Keeping criminals in prison

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4
Q

Retribution

A

A type of punishment meant to make criminals pay compensation for their acts.

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5
Q

Deterrence

A

Approach which uses the threat of punishment to discourage criminal behavior.

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6
Q

Approaches of the criminal justice system

A
  1. Deterrence
  2. Retribution
  3. Incarceration
  4. Rehabilitation
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7
Q

Criminal justice system

A

Made up of the institutions and processes responsible for enforcing criminal statues.
Police, courts, and correctional system.

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8
Q

Crime

A

Acts in collation of statue of law.

Deviant behavior that is prohibited by law and punishable by the government

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9
Q

White collar crime

A

Any crime committed by respectable high-status people in the course of their occupation.

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10
Q

Victim discounting

A

Reduces the seriousness of crimes directed at members of lower social classes.

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11
Q

Stigma

A

Undesirable characteristic or label used by others to deny the deviant full social acceptance.

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12
Q

Secondary defiance

A

Refers to deviance as a lifestyle

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13
Q

Primary defiance

A

Refers to first time offenses. When person only participates in isolated incidents of deviance.

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14
Q

Recidivism

A

The return to criminal behavior

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15
Q

Labeling theory

A

Explains why deviance is relative-sometimes two people braking the norm but only one is labeled deviant. I.e. Girl and guy having baby but girls only one who’s deviant

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16
Q

Anomie

A

Social condition where norms are weak, conflicting, or absent. Without shared norms people are unsure of how to act.

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17
Q

Social sanctions

A

Rewards and punishments designed to encourage desired behavior

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18
Q

Deviant

A

A person who has violated one or more of society’s most highly valued norms.

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19
Q

Positive deviance

A

Conformity to norms, but over conformity. I.e. Anorexia

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20
Q

Negative deviance

A

involves behavior that fails to meet social norms i.e. Obesity

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21
Q

Deviance

A

Refers to behavior that departs from social or group norms

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22
Q

Two types of crime

A

Felony and misdemeanor

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23
Q

Felony

A 
Rape
Murder
Aggravated assault/battery 
Burglary
Punishable for one or more years in prison
24
Q

Misdemeanor

A 
Public intoxication
Disorderly conduct
Vandalism
Trespassing
Prostitution
Punishable for one or less years in prison
25
Q

Four steps to justice system

A
  1. Apprehend the suspect offenders - police
  2. Determine guilt or innocence - courts
  3. Decide punishment - court
  4. Keep guilty separated from citizens - corrections
26
Q

3 major elements of criminal justice system

A
  1. Police
  2. Courts
  3. Correctional system
27
Q

Police

A

Determine who is warned, who is pursued, who is arrested

28
Q

Factors determining who’s arrested

A
  1. Seriousness of tbe offense
  2. Wishes of the victim
  3. Attitude of suspect
  4. Presence of bystanders (witnesses)
29
Q

Courts

A

Determine who is guilty/innocent and assign punishment

30
Q

Why don’t most cases go to court?

A

Bc of plea bargaining

31
Q

Plea bargaining

A

Accused person pleads guilty to a crime less serious than accused of. In return, the accused receives a lighter sentence.
“I’ll tell you where I bought the weapon for immunity”

32
Q

Nolo contendre

A

No contest: Latin for I don’t wish to contend
1. Dependent doesnt admit or dispute charges
2. Technically not a guilty plea
3. Has the same immediate effects of a guilty plea
Let the facts tell the story

33
Q

Correctional system

A

Functions:

  1. Retribution- a way for society and victim to “get even”
  2. Deterrence- discouraging offenders from committing frames again; a warning to others
  3. Rehabilitations- reforming criminals into law abiding citizens
  4. Social protection- protecting society from criminals
34
Q

Is all deviance crime? Vice versa?

A

All deviance is not crime but all crime is deviant

35
Q

How is deviance defined?

A

Extent of disapproval:
-Number of people who condemn an act must be considerable (50%+)
Degree of societal outrage:
-tbe hostility or outrage set off by the act must be intense
-if most people dissaprove of and wish to punish an action, if almost certainly will be labeled deviant

36
Q

Social functions of deviance

A

Positive and negative social function

37
Q

Positive social function

A

Deviance can promote social unity

Example: a community mobilizes in support of an African-American family that has faced racial attacks

38
Q

Negative social function

A
  • disrupts social order/norms and causes conflict

- deviance makes life unpredictable

39
Q

How can deviance help to identify problems?

A

When a particular norm is frequently violated it may signal that the norm doesn’t make sense
(Civil rights movement)

40
Q

Social controls

A

Techniques as strategies used for punishing wrong-doing or rewarding appropriate behavior

41
Q

Why is deviance considered the violation of a significant social norm?

A

Bc everyone at some point violates social norm

Slow roll to stop sign, fun a red light

42
Q

Why is deviance hard tk indentify

A

Bc it varies from group to group, time to time, society to society

43
Q

Marxian thought-conflict theory

A

The rich and powerful use tbe laws tk maintain their position

44
Q

Functionalist perspective

A

Deviance is a ck on part of society w negatives and positives

45
Q

Negatives of deviance

A

Causes structural strain- when people can’t reach goals that society admired the structure of society is strained; deviance becomes a way of life

46
Q

Positives of deviance

A

Helps define tbe limits of proper behavior

47
Q

Anomie

A

A state In Which there are no rules for behavior of there are so many rules that people don’t know what to follow

48
Q

Does labeling cause deviant behavior?

A

Theory suggests that labeling is the only requirement needed for an act to be considered deviant. Deviance cannot be defined without some reference to social norms.

49
Q

What is the result of labeling a person?

A

Assigning a person tbe label of deviant, delibquient, addict, or weird is a for of social penalty that will lead to rejection and/or exclusion

50
Q

What are tbe 5 fallacies about crime

A
  1. Tbe dramatic fallacy
  2. The cops and courts fallacy
  3. The “not me” fallacy
  4. The innocent youth fallacy
  5. Tbe ingenuity fallacy
51
Q

Dramatic fallacy

A
  • tv portrayal gives abighly inaccurate of crime, even murder
  • crime is not “exciting” in real life as if is on tv
  • tv shows are designed to keep people watching
52
Q

The cops and courts fallacy

A
  • the fallacy warns us against overrating the importance of the criminal justice system
  • not all crime is reported
53
Q

The “not me” fallacy

A

-tbe though by criminals that there are certain crimes they will not commit
(Honor among thieves)
-someone who is a shoplifter can’t imagine themselves committing armed robbery

54
Q

The innocent youth fallacy

A

-Tv’s version of crime usually protrays victims and offenders as middle aged
-when a youngster is the criminal, they are protrated as being corrupted but older peolple/society
(They got caught up in it)

55
Q

Ingenuity fallacy

A
  • exaggerated the criminals cleverness
  • the vast majority of time is not well planned or well thought out……it just happens
  • most criminals take a casual approach to crime
  • most crime happens quickly
  • most offenders are not master minds

Sociology (11 decks)

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