Exam One - research designs

Question 1

What are the 3 characteristics of quantitative research

Answer 1

• manipulation
• randomization
• control

Question 2

manipulation

Answer 2

imposing a set of predetermined experimental conditions
- having an IV

Question 3

IV

Answer 3

independent variable
what you manipulate

Question 4

DV

Answer 4

dependent variable
what you measure

Question 5

each IV is called a…

Answer 5

factor

Question 6

a 3 x 2 design would mean?

Answer 6

you have three different conditions and you measure the DV twice

Question 7

random assignment

Answer 7

subjects unsystematically appointed to groups
affect Internal validity

Question 8

does random assignment mean the same thing as random selection?

Answer 8

NONONONONONONO

Question 9

randomized matched assignment

Answer 9

subjects are paired based on some criteria to artificially control the influence of that variable on DV
subjects within each matched pair randomly assigned separate conditions

Question 10

control

Answer 10

most effective design element to eliminate confounding variables
expect to see no change in control group
improves internal validity

Question 11

interaction effect

Answer 11

demonstrate a covariation of cause and effect
“the treatment effect depends on group assignment”

Question 12

what are the 3 main categories of research design?

Answer 12

1 - experimental
2 - quasiexperimental
3 - nonexperimental

Question 13

experimental design is best for?

Answer 13

showing cause and effect

Question 14

quasiexp is best for?

Answer 14

if you lack random assignment or conrol group

Question 15

nonexperimental is good for?

Answer 15

collecting data as it naturally exists but worst for cause and effect

Question 16

What are examples of non-experimental designs?

Answer 16

-epidemiological studies: ID distribution and determinants of disease
- correlational studies: test if 2 variables are linked in some way
- cross sectional: snapshot of the characteristics of a defined pop at a single point in time
- survey research: questionnaires, interviews
- case report: systematic, detailed description of a clinical practice or case
- methodological research: reliability or validity of clinical measures

Question 17

_______- study designs often form the basis for new theories, new hypothesis, and future intervention studies

Answer 17

non experimental

Question 18

prevalence

Answer 18

% of pop with a certain condition at a given point in time

Question 19

incidence

Answer 19

rate that new cases are developing during a time period

Question 20

______________ designs are also used to analyze determinants of injury or disease

Answer 20

epidemiological

Question 21

______ studies are used to describe the distribution of health and illness in human pop (prevalence and incidence)

Answer 21

epidemiological

Question 22

Two types of cohort studies for epidem purposes

Answer 22

• prospective
• retrospective

Question 23

prospective cohort study

Answer 23

data collection before development of condition or injury
*only way to determine etiology of injury

Question 24

restrospective cohort study

Answer 24

data collection after development of condition or injury

Question 25

cohort study (epidem)

Answer 25

observational study of naturally occuring group over time

Question 26

What is the first step in every cohort study?

Answer 26

establish 2 groups: those exposed and those not exposed to risk factor

Question 27

case control studies

Answer 27

compare exposure information among people with and without an outcome or disease

Question 28

what is the goal of all analytical epidem study designs?

Answer 28

identify the possible determinate of disease

Is there an association?
case control
exposure <-> outcome

Can we infer causality?
cohort design
exposure->outcome