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Pharmacology > Exam IV: Autonomics > Flashcards

Exam IV: Autonomics Flashcards

1
Q

Rifampin

A

Inhibits RNA polymerase

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2
Q

If patient has respiratory tract infection and non compliant

A

Give azithromycin because only once daily

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3
Q

Broth dilution test, what MIC value has the greatest bacterial kill?

A

MIC: the smaller the better

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4
Q

Protein Synthesis Inhibitors

A

Macrolides and tetracycline, clindamycin, and erythromycins

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5
Q

Drug of choice for C diff

A

Metronidazole

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6
Q

Drug of choice for lyme disease

A

Doxycycline

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7
Q

What class of drugs has post antibiotic effect (PAE) and concentration killing rate (CDKR)?

A

Aminoglycosides = once daily dosing because have PAE because if falls below therapeutic range it still has effects

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8
Q

Patient dx with syphilis and non-compliant

A

IM benzapene penicillin, NEVER IV

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9
Q

Interaction with Coumadin with ciprofloxacin

A

Increased anti coagulation effect = quinolone

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10
Q

Cephalosporin that covers anaerobic infections (2nd generation)

A

Cefoxitin and Cefotetan

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11
Q

Best covers gram positive best, as well as streptococci?

Best gram negative coverage?

A

Gram positive/strep: Clarithromycin

Gram negative: Azithromycin

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12
Q

Alcoholic took this medication, and now vomiting

A

Metronidazole (administered orally or vaginally) can result in a disulfiram-like reaction characterized by flushing, tachycardia, palpitations, nausea, and vomiting

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13
Q

Blocks bacterial translation by reversibly binding to the 16S rRNA in the 30S subunit/ blocks protein synthesis

A

Tetracycline

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14
Q

Most common way of microbial resistance

A

Break beta lactam ring of drug via beta lactamases (microbial enzymes)

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15
Q

What effects do Belladonna drugs have?

A

Cause mydriasis/eye dilation

Muscarinic receptor antagonists, undo cholinergic so used to treat sinus bradycardia given via IV

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16
Q

What is used to treat COPD?

A

Ipratropium

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17
Q

Only depolarizing neuromuscular blocking agent (block ACh at nicotinic receptor)

A

Succinylcholine

18
Q

What is used to treat pheochromocytoma?

A

Phenoxybenzamine

19
Q

Selective beta 1 blocker used to treat BPH

A

Tamsulosin

BPH also treated by doxazosin, alfuzosin, silodosin

20
Q

Bronchodilator to treat asthma

21
Q

Beta blocker for intraocular pressure for glaucoma patients

A

Timolol, only one that is an eye drop

22
Q

Sympathetic NS Effects

A

Dilate pupils, decrease secretions, inhibits salivation, increase HR, inhibits bladder contraction, secretion of adrenaline, stimulates glucose production

23
Q

Parasympathetic NS Effects

A

Contracts bladder, constricts pupil, stimulated bile release stimulates flow of saliva. constricts bronchi

24
Q

Which is the primary neurotransmitter at post-ganglia junction for sympathetics

25
Q

Increase HR and contractility

A

beta 1 receptors

26
Q

Which medication blocks alpha and beta receptors

A

Labetalol beta 1 and beta 2, alpha 1 blocker decreases heart rate and blood pressure

27
Q

Direct acting ACh agonist used for glaucoma on nicotinic and muscarinic

A

Pilocarpine

28
Q

Which drug is used for lice?

A

Malathion prescription not over counter

29
Q

Older male patient presents with BPH and ED, which drug would you prescribe?

30
Q

Drugs used to treat Alzheimer’s Disease

A

Rivostigmine, donepezil, galantamine to increase ACh in CNS

31
Q

Indirect ACh receptor agonist

A

Inhibit cholinesterase

32
Q

Which of the following is an effect of muscarinic receptor antagonist?

A

increase HR and bronchodilation

Basically cause sympathetic reactions

33
Q

What can be used for IBS and spasms?

A

Hyoscyamine to decrease GI motility

34
Q

What is used to treat overactive bladder?

A

Oxybutyin, tolterodine, darifenacin, solifenacin, and trospium
Decrease urination because anti cholinergic (cholinergic increases urination) and muscarinic antagonist (against parasympathetic, so sympathetic effects)

35
Q

What drug that is a synthetic catecholamine muscarinic antagonist is used for bronchodilation?

A

Ipratropium and tiotropium are for bronchodilation; muscarinic antagonist; anti-cholinergic

36
Q

Which synthetic muscarinic antagonist is used to increase mydriasis?

A

Tropicamide

37
Q

Which non-depolarizing neuromuscular blocker eliminated renally has the longest action?

A

Pancuronium

38
Q

What is synthetic adrenoceptor agonist?

A

Isoproterenol and dobutamine

39
Q

Have a physician who wants to do open heart surgery: which one stimulates beta 1 and vasodilation of beta 2?

A

Dobutamine

40
Q

Which drug is used for cardiovascular failure?

A

Carvatolol
Alpha and beta (1 and 2) blocker
Increases cardiac output

Pharmacology (12 decks)

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