Exam III: Optho Flashcards
What is the purpose of fundic examination methods?
To assess the health of the ocular fundus
What are the two types of opthalmoscopy?
Direct and Indirect
Describe the characteristics of Direct Opthalmoscopy
Very magnified up to 15x, difficult for thorough examination
What are the advantages of PanOptic Direct Opthalmoscopy?
Longer working distance, wider field of view
What are the layers of the ocular fundus from superficial to deep?
- Sclera
- Choroid (with vessels)
- Optic Nerve
- Tapetum (part of scleroid)
- Retinal Pigmented Epithelium
- Retina
What is the normal vascular pattern observed in dogs?
Holangiotic vascular pattern with 3-4 major venules
What is Collie eye anomaly?
Recessive inheritance, always bilateral, can lead to blindness
What can cause retinal dysplasia?
- Genetic factors
- Viral infection
- Other abnormalities
What are the signs of oculoskeletal dysplasia?
- Skeletal defects
- Ocular defects
- Dwarfism
- Delayed epiphyseal development
What are the appearances associated with focal and diffuse retinal degeneration?
- Vascular attenuation
- Hyperreflectivity
- Optic nerve atrophy
What effect does inflammation have on the ocular fundus appearance?
Inflammation will be HYPOreflective
What are common causes of chorioretinitis in dogs?
- Canine distemper virus
- Rickettsial diseases
- Systemic mycosis
- Uveodermatological syndrome
What are common causes of chorioretinitis in cats?
- Feline Infectious Peritonitis (FIP)
- Cryptococcosis
- Systemic hypertension
What diagnostic methods are used to assess causes of blindness in dogs?
- ERG
- Ultrasound
What is a characteristic sign of optic nerve disease?
Optic nerve swelling
What is the typical presentation of blindness in old cats?
Bilateral mydriasis and blindness
Fill in the blank: The _______ is the deepest layer of the ocular fundus.
Retina
True or False: The optic nerve passes through all layers of the ocular fundus.
True
What is the pathognomonic lesion associated with (taurine deficiency caused) retinal degeneration in cats?
Football type lesion in tapetum
What should be included in a minimum data base when diagnosing ocular conditions?
- Good history
- Physical examination
- Minimum data base
- Titers
- Aqueous or vitreous centesis
