ChatGPT Exam III: Surgery Flashcards
Hernias, Urolithiasis, Respiratory, Ear, Reconstruction and Laparoscopy
What are the key anatomical structures of the ear?
Vertical & horizontal ear canals, pinna, osseous bulla.
What are the risk factors for aural hematoma?
Head shaking, trauma, infections.
What types of neoplasia can affect the external ear canal?
SCC, hemangioma, MCT, etc.
What are common infections that can lead to surgical interventions in the ear?
Chronic otitis.
What is the recurrence risk after aspiration & steroid injection for aural hematoma?
10-25%.
What are the surgical options for treating aural hematoma?
Incision & drainage with staggered full-thickness sutures, teat tube or indwelling drain.
What percentage of tumors in the external ear canal are malignant?
88%.
What are common tumors found in the external ear canal?
Ceruminous gland adenocarcinoma, SCC, sebaceous adenocarcinoma.
What are the surgical options for neoplasia of the external ear canal?
Biopsy, cryosurgery, lateral ear resection, TECA-LBO.
What are common bacteria associated with otitis media?
Staph, Strep, Pseudomonas, E. coli, Proteus.
What are the indications for surgical intervention in otitis media?
No improvement after 4-6 weeks, severe neurologic signs.
What surgical procedures are indicated for chronic otitis media?
Ventral Bulla Osteotomy (VBO), TECA-LBO.
What is the most appropriate surgical procedure for chronic otitis externa in a Cocker Spaniel?
Total Ear Canal Ablation with Lateral Bulla Osteotomy (TECA-LBO).
What are basic laparoscopic procedures in general practice?
OVE, OVH, prophylactic gastropexy, liver biopsy, cryptorchidectomy.
What are the advantages of laparoscopic surgery?
Faster recovery, decreased pain, less soft tissue trauma, shorter hospitalization, improved visualization.
What techniques can be used to create a capnoperitoneum?
Veress needle, Hasson technique, SILS port.
What are common reasons for converting laparoscopic surgery to open surgery?
Hemorrhage, loss of insufflation, poor visualization, equipment failure, unanticipated intra-op findings.
Which of the following is an absolute contraindication for laparoscopy: severe peritonitis, mild hepatomegaly, history of previous laparotomy, young age?
Severe peritonitis.
What is the difference between skin flaps and skin grafts?
Flaps maintain vascular attachment; grafts do not.
What are the types of skin flaps?
Subdermal plexus flaps (advancement, rotational, transposition), axial pattern flaps.
What are the surgical principles for skin flap surgery?
Minimize tension, atraumatic tissue handling, healthy recipient bed.
What are common complications of skin flap surgery?
Seroma, flap necrosis, bruising & edema, dehiscence, infection.
What is the best reconstructive approach for a large wound on the lateral thigh after a dog fight?
Transposition flap.
What should learners prioritize in their study for surgical procedures?
Clinical decision-making, anatomical differences, early recognition of complications.
Fill in the blank: Aural hematoma is treated surgically with _______.
Aspiration & steroid injection.
True or False: 88% of tumors in the external ear canal are benign.
False.
What are the surgical indications for urinary stones?
- Urinary obstruction (ureter or urethra)
- Failure of medical dissolution (struvite, urate, cystine)
- Increasing stone size
- Renal dysfunction from nephroliths
- Recurrent infections with uroliths
These indications guide when surgical intervention is necessary for managing urinary stones.
What imaging techniques are preferred for diagnosing nephroliths?
- Radiographs
- Ultrasound
These imaging methods are effective for visualizing kidney stones.
What is a cystotomy?
Bladder incision to remove stones
Cystotomy is one of the surgical procedures performed for urolithiasis.
What are the common post-operative complications of urolithiasis surgery?
- Incomplete stone removal (14-20%)
- Hematuria/dysuria (37-50%, resolves in days)
- Uroabdomen (suture failure, <1.5%)
Understanding these complications is crucial for post-operative care.
What is the best surgical treatment for recurrent urethral obstructions in male cats?
Perineal urethrostomy
This procedure is preferred for cases that do not respond to other management strategies.
What type of hernia is caused by blunt trauma?
Traumatic diaphragmatic hernia
This type of hernia can displace organs such as the liver, intestines, and stomach.
What are the signs of a hiatal hernia?
- Dyspnea
- Muffled lung sounds
- Borborygmi in thorax
These signs are important for diagnosis and indicate the presence of a hiatal hernia.
What is the treatment for perineal hernias in older intact male dogs?
Surgical repair (internal obturator flap) + castration
This approach addresses both the hernia and underlying hormonal influences.
What are the primary abnormalities associated with Brachycephalic Obstructive Airway Syndrome (BOAS)?
- Stenotic nares
- Elongated soft palate
- Everted laryngeal saccules
- Hypoplastic trachea
These abnormalities contribute to airway obstruction in brachycephalic breeds.
What is the surgical procedure for elongated soft palate in BOAS?
Staphylectomy, folded flap palatoplasty
These procedures aim to correct the elongated soft palate, improving airflow.
What is the best long-term treatment for laryngeal paralysis?
Laryngeal tie-back (cricoarytenoid lateralization)
This surgical option is recommended for managing the condition effectively.
What are the signs of laryngeal paralysis?
- Inspiratory stridor
- Exercise intolerance
- Collapse
- Aspiration pneumonia
Recognizing these signs is crucial for diagnosis and intervention.
What are some emergency treatments for BOAS?
- Oxygen
- Cooling
- Dexamethasone
These treatments are vital in managing acute episodes associated with BOAS.
Fill in the blank: The surgical procedure to permanently widen the urethral opening is called _______.
Urethrostomy
This procedure is performed when other methods are ineffective.
True or False: Hematuria and dysuria occur in 37-50% of cases post-urolithiasis surgery and typically resolve in days.
True
These complications are common but usually self-resolving.
