ChatGPT Exam III: Occular Flashcards
What are the most common primary ophthalmic tumors in dogs and cats?
Orbital, eyelid, third eyelid, cornea, uveal, choroidal.
What are the signs of orbital neoplasia?
Exophthalmos, third eyelid elevation, strabismus, generally non-painful.
What are the common tumors found in dogs with orbital neoplasia?
- Adenocarcinoma
- Fibrosarcoma
- Osteosarcoma
- Meningioma
- Lymphoma
What is the most common tumor in cats with orbital neoplasia?
Nasal carcinoma.
What diagnostic methods are used for orbital neoplasia?
- Ocular ultrasound
- CT/MRI
- FNA/biopsy
What are the treatment options for orbital neoplasia?
- Exenteration
- Orbitotomy for small masses
What is the prognosis for orbital neoplasia?
Variable, depends on tumor type and invasion.
What is the most common eyelid neoplasia in dogs?
Meibomian gland adenoma (benign, papilloma-like).
What are the treatment options for eyelid neoplasia in dogs?
- Cryotherapy
- Wedge excision if large
What is the most common eyelid neoplasia in cats and horses?
Squamous Cell Carcinoma (SCC).
What are the risk factors for eyelid neoplasia in cats and horses?
UV exposure, lightly pigmented eyelids.
What is the treatment for eyelid neoplasia in cats and horses?
- Surgical excision
- Radiation
- Topical chemotherapy (mitomycin C, 5-FU)
What are common tumors in third eyelid neoplasia?
- SCC (especially bovine)
- Hemangioma/hemangiosarcoma
What is the treatment for third eyelid neoplasia?
- Local excision
- Cryotherapy for hemangiosarcoma
What is the most common neoplasia found in the cornea?
Squamous Cell Carcinoma (SCC).
In which type of dogs and horses is corneal neoplasia commonly seen?
Brachycephalic dogs and UV-exposed horses.
What conditions are linked to corneal neoplasia?
- Chronic keratitis
- KCS
- Immunosuppressive meds
What are the treatment options for corneal neoplasia?
- Keratectomy
- Cryotherapy
- Radiation
What types of tumors are classified as anterior uveal tumors in dogs?
- Ciliary Body Adenoma/Adenocarcinoma
- Melanoma
What is the prognosis for ciliary body tumors in dogs?
Slow-growing, benign.
What type of uveal tumor is common in cats?
Diffuse Uveal Melanoma.
What is a significant characteristic of lymphoma in the anterior uveal tumors of cats?
Bilateral, often a sign of systemic lymphoma.
What is the treatment for progressive anterior uveal tumors?
Enucleation if progressive or causing glaucoma.
How aggressive is choroidal melanoma compared to anterior uveal melanoma?
More aggressive.
What signs are associated with choroidal melanoma?
Dark fundic lesion, retinal detachment.
What is the treatment for choroidal melanoma?
- Enucleation
- Metastasis workup
What is the first-line treatment for simple corneal ulcers?
NeoPolyBac.
What is the diagnosis for Keratoconjunctivitis Sicca (KCS)?
Schirmer Tear Test (STT <10 mm/min).
What are the treatment options for KCS?
- Cyclosporine/Tacrolimus
- Artificial tears
What are the signs of FHV keratoconjunctivitis?
Unilateral hyperemia, conjunctivitis, dendritic ulcers.
What is the treatment for FHV keratoconjunctivitis?
Cidofovir BID, oral famciclovir.
What is a characteristic of a melting ulcer?
Severe keratomalacia, corneal thinning.
What is the treatment for a melting ulcer?
Ofloxacin q2h, serum/acetylcysteine.
What are the treatments for diabetic cataracts?
- Diclofenac
- Prednisolone acetate
What are the signs of primary glaucoma?
- Elevated IOP
- Cloudy cornea
- Mydriasis
What is the treatment for primary glaucoma?
Latanoprost q5 min x 1 hr, Dorzolamide-Timolol.
What are the signs of anterior uveitis?
- Miosis
- Flare
- Episcleral congestion
What is the treatment for anterior uveitis?
- Pred acetate
- Atropine
What are the signs of hypertensive retinal detachment in cats?
Acute blindness, dilated pupils.
What is the treatment for hypertensive retinal detachment?
Amlodipine, check renal/thyroid.
What should you know about first-line treatments in ophthalmology?
Know first-line treatments and contraindications.
What are the emergency conditions in ophthalmology?
- Glaucoma
- Melting ulcers
- Retinal detachment
What is important to understand about species differences in ophthalmic diseases?
Understand species differences in ophthalmic diseases.
