Exam II: SA - Pollakiuria/Stranguria and Urinary incontinence Flashcards
Dr. Lappin
What drugs can be given for urethral weakness in the small animal? What are it’s associated toxicities?
For urethral weakness or sphincter weakness, oral estrogen (Incurin) is given. Diethylstilbesterol and Estriol.
testosterone is also used in dogs and phenylpropanolamine (sympathomimetic) is used.
What drugs can be used for urethral spasms and their associated toxicities?
urethral spasms is the same as sphincter hypertonicity.
we have our parasympathomimetics:
phenoxybenzamine and prazosin.
We also use Diazepam, but remember it is toxic in cats. other drugs used for the skeletal muscle is Baclofen and Methocarbamol.
What drugs do we use for bladder atony and its associated toxicities?
With our acetocholine drugs we want to be mindful of SLUDGE.
For our parasympathomimetics we have Bethanecol and Cisapride. The toxicity is minal in cisapride.
bladder atony can occur due to prolonged extension
What causes sphincter incompetence? Sphincter hypertonicity?
weakness:
partial obstructions, hormonal, infection
for hypertonicity:
the urethra is not relaxing during the detrusor reflex
can be due to inflammation, post-obstruction, neurologic and idiopathic
What causes detrusor atony? detrusor hypertonicity?
atony:
PU/PD and post-obstruction
hypertonicity:
stones
infection
noplasia
idiopathic
the detrusor reflex is at a lower than normal pressure or volume
What drugs do we use for bladder spasms and it associated toxicities?
We use parasympatholytics: oxybutinin and propantheline
toxicity: ileus
en
What are some infectious diseases that cause UTI’s in our small animal patients and how are they treated?
Bacterial:
Leptospirosis (acute phase: doxycycline unless they are vomiting, IV penecillin if injectable doxy not an option. clearance phase: doxycyline) and Brucellosis (confirm a positive, trust negatives if they come with chronic signs. zoonotic risk. quinolone then doxycycline and keep switching until serovar neagtive. can be a death sentence)
Is vulvoplasty used to fix urinary incontinence?
No, vulvoplasties do not fix the associated urinary continence that iften comes with it.
But it does (help) protect the dog from recurrent UTIs, cystitis, vaginitis, and vulvitis
Which of our urinary calculi’s can pop up in a SA with liver insufficiency (including PSS)? How do you treat/manage?
Urate
you want to alkalinize the diet. can do medical dissolution.
dalmations also predisposed
Which one of our urinary calculi’s are schnauzers susceptible to? What is the treatment/management?
Ca Oxolate
Can be palpated in the bladder.
Needs to be surgically removed. also want to alkalinize the diet. also mentioned: thiazide diuretics, potassium citrate, and vitamin B6
remember also hypercalcemia signalment
Which one (or many) of our urinary calculi can we potentially see on radiographs?
* are radiodense
Struvites
Ca oxolate
silicate
Urates and cystines are lucent.
Which of our urinary calculi’s is a acidifying diet indicated?
Struvite
Which (ones?) of our urinary calculi’s require surgical removal?
Ca oxolate and silicate
How could one differentiate acute bacterial prostatitis from its chronic form?
acute is (extremely) painful and has normal median marginations.
chronic is non painful and has irregular shape.
prostatic abcesses are also painful, need to be drained carefully
the cytology of prepuce of a male dog presents like he is in “heat”. What are you weary of?
squamous metaplsia
remove the estrogen source (sertoli cell tumor)
