Exam II Questions Flashcards
What is the simplest form of carbohydrate called?
A monosaccharide
Which of the following is an example of a polysaccharide?
- Sucrose
- Galactose
- Glycogen
- Maltose
C) Glycogen
Which food has the highest glycemic index?
(Remember: low = 0-65, mid = 56-70, high = 70+)
Gummy bears (1f/26c/2p/25)
What are some factors that may influence glycemic index?
Foods that may influence glycemic index include:
1. Food processing
2. Amount of fat & protein
3. Sugar content
Why do people have lactose intolerance?
There are individuals who have lactose intolerance because the disaccharide lactase cannot break down products with lactose.
Why is it essential to maintain blood glucose lvls?
It’s important to maintain blood glucose levels because it serves as balance for the body If the levels are elevated or low, it could lead to disruption in the body.
What is the primary hormone that lowers blood glucose levels after food ingestion?
Leptin
What are the major functions of fiber?
Blunt sugar response and stimulates periostitis.
A polysaccharide is broken down into a glucose molecule
Glycogenolysis
Courtney just ate a nice big meal of pasta and is in a caloric surplus so that extra glucose is stored as glycogen. This is an example is
Glycogenesis
Steven is running a marathon when running his stored glycogen is being broken down into glucose. This is an example of a?
Glycogenolysis.
A molecule gets converted to pyruvate. This is an example of?
Glycolysis
Which of the following molecules are precursors for glucose?
- Lactate
- Glycerol
Which part of the body has the highest number of calories for energy in terms of glucose storage?
Muscle glycogen
What causes someone to hit the wall in a marathon?
- liver glycogen depletion
- Muscle glycogen depletion
What is an example of a long-chain fatty acid?
Peanut oil (18 carbons)
Omega-3 and Omega-6 fatty acids have double bonds on the third and sixth carbon respectively.
True
What is the major form of stored fat?
Triglyceride
(True/false)
Cholesterol production is needed for the creation of testosterone.
True
(True/false)
Fats are hydrophilic and thus do not need carriers to be transported in the blood.
False;
Fats are hydrophobic
What is the function of fat?
- Conserve body heat
- Components of sex hormones
- Energy
- Components of vitamins A, D, E, and K (fat-soluble vitamins)
What is the difference between essential & non-essential amino acids?
Essential A.A. require food in order to obtain the. On the other hand, the body is able to produce non-essential on its own.
The structure of a protein dictates its function, such that even one amino acid difference can dramatically change its function.
True
What is the bond between amino acids?
Peptide bond
What must be removed for protein metabolism?
Carboxyl group
What situation would have the highest breakdown of protein in the body?
Running a marathon after eating 0 kcal of pasta
Dr. Oz is trying to tell you that you must consume meat to get all of your essential amino acids. Based on what you have learned from the class what do you tell him?
There are other existing alternatives that do not require meat such as, complimentary proteins.
A positive number of amino acids going into the muscle will result in?
Hypertrophy
A negative number of amino acids going to the muscle will result in?
Atrophy
A positive number of amino acids going to the muscle, but the individual is on red rest for weeks?
Atrophy
What molecule can be measured to assess how much protein is being used in the body?
Nitrogen
What is the ultimate fate of most of the alcohol that is consumed?
Triglyceride
(true/false)
Alcohol metabolize is an example of zero-order kinetics such that the rate of metabolism will stay the same no matter how much alcohol you put in.
True.
What is a factor that can slow down the absorption rate of alcohol?
- Food consumption
- Individual’s gender
What macronutrient is primarily used by glycolysis?
Carbohydrate
What macronutrient is primarily used by oxidative phosphorylation? Hint oxidative phosphorylation occurs aerobically.
Fat
