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exam II diseases Flashcards

1
Q

systemic anaphylaxis: hypersensitivity type

A

type I

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2
Q

systemic anaphylaxis: pathology

A
  • systemic degranulation of tissue mast cells
  • shock occurs as fluid leaves body, BP drops
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3
Q

allergic rhinitis: hypersensitivity type

A

type I

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4
Q

allergic rhinitis: pathology

A
  • IgE is triggered, causing local edema, nasal airway constriction
  • discharge containing eosinophils
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5
Q

asthma: hypersensitivity type

A

type I

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6
Q

asthma: pathology

A
  • airway mast cells degranulate, cause smooth muscle contraction and inflammation
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7
Q

chronic asthma: pathology

A

constant inflammation: TH2, eosinophils, neutrophils
frequent mucus plug obstruction

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8
Q

food allergies: hypersensitivity type

A

type I

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9
Q

urticaria and angioedema: hypersensitivity type

A

type I

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10
Q

urticaria vs angioedema

A

urticaria: hives
angioedema: in subcutaneous tissue, resembles a systemic rxn

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11
Q

goodpasture’s disease: hypersensitivity type

A

type II cytotoxic autoimmune

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12
Q

pemphigus vulgaris: hypersensitivity type

A

type II cytotoxic autoimmune

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13
Q

pemphigus vulgaris: pathology

A

antibodies made against epidermal cadherins leads to blistering

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14
Q

thrombocytopenic purpura: hypersensitivity type

A

type II cytotoxic autoimmune

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15
Q

thrombocytopenic purpura: pathology

A

antibodies made against integrins on platelets: excessive bleeding

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16
Q

hemolytic anemia: hypersensitivity type

A

type II cytotoxic autoimmune

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17
Q

poison ivy: hypersensitivity type

A

type IV

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18
Q

poison ivy: pathology

A
  • phagocytes internalize modified extracellular proteins, present to Th1
  • haptens cross PM, modify internal proteins –> presented on MHC class I
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19
Q

celiac disease: hypersensitivity type

A

type IV

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20
Q

celiac disease: pathology

A
  • Th1 recognized antigens as foreign, activates resident tissue macrophages in gut
  • inflammation caused by villi destruction
  • B cells make IgG, IgA to gluten products and present to T cells
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21
Q

hemolytic anemia: pathology

A
  • IgG made against Rh
  • cytotoxicity mediated by complement, phagocytosis
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22
Q

myasthenia gravis: pathology

A
  • autoantibodies directed against ACh receptors on muscle cells block receptors
  • receptors are endocytosed
  • nerve-muscle firing is blocked
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23
Q

myasthenia gravis: symptoms

A

facial, eyelid, muscle weakness

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24
Q

goodpasture’s disease: pathology

A
  • antigen: epitope of collagen in kidney ECM
  • antibodies coat collagen and fix complement
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25
Q

goodpasture’s disease: symptoms

A
  • fatigue, kidney pain, proteinuria
  • glomerulonephritis
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26
Q

Graves’ disease: disease type

A

Autoimmune, type II HS non-cytotoxic

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27
Q

Graves’ disease: pathology

A
  • Anti-TSH receptor antibodies produced
  • agonistic effect: overproduction of T3, T4
28
Q

Graves’ disease: symptoms

A

weight loss, irritability, low TSH, high T3, T4

29
Q

Myasthenia gravis: disease type

A

autoimmune, type II non-cytotoxic

30
Q

systemic lupus erythematosus: disease type

A

autoimmune, type III hypersensitivity

31
Q

systemic lupus erythematosus: pathology

A
  • autoantibodies generated against antigens found everywhere (systemic)
  • tissue damage by immune complex formation and deposition –> aggregation, inflammation
32
Q

systemic lupus erythematosus: symptoms

A

joint pain, kidney dysfunction, butterfly rash, erythema

33
Q

hashimoto’s thyroiditis: disease type

A

autoimmune, type IV hypersensitivity

34
Q

hashimoto’s thyroiditis: pathology

A
  • T cell mediated destruction of thyroid impairs T3, T4 production
  • directed against thyroid specific antigens recognized by Th1, CD8
35
Q

hashimoto’s thyroiditis: symptoms

A

weight gain, goiter, low T3, T4, high TSH

36
Q

type I diabetes: disease type

A

autoimmune, type IV hypersensitivity

37
Q

type I diabetes: pathology

A
  • autoreactive T cells target beta cells
  • CD4, CD8 recognize beta cell-derived antigen, induce inflammation destroying beta cells
38
Q

multiple sclerosis: disease type

A

autoimmune, type IV hypersensitivity

39
Q

multiple sclerosis: pathology

A
  • CD4 (Th1 or Th17) reactive against myelin
  • nerve misfiring
40
Q

rheumatoid arthritis: disease type

A

autoimmune, multi-type hypersensitivity

41
Q

rheumatoid arthritis: pathology

A
  • CD4 T cells activate macrophages, cytokine production
  • cytokines induce production of MMP, RANKL by fibroblasts
  • osteoclasts activated, joints destroyed
42
Q

paroxysomal nocturnal hemoglobinuria: disease type

A

primary immunodeficiency: impaired innate response w/ complement defect

43
Q

paroxysomal nocturnal hemoglobinuria: pathology

A
  • PIG-A gene is mutated
  • lack of complement proteins CD55, CD59 on erythrocytes
  • MAC lyses erythrocytes
44
Q

hereditary angioedema: disease type

A

primary immunodeficiency: impaired innate response w/ complement defect

45
Q

chronic granulomatous disease: disease type

A

primary immunodeficiency: impaired innate response w/ phagocytic defect

46
Q

chronic granulomatous disease: pathology

A
  • NADPH oxidase deficiency
  • ROS is not produced
  • autosomal recessive
47
Q

leukocyte adhesion deficiency: disease type

A

primary immunodeficiency: impaired innate response w/ phagocytic defect

48
Q

leukocyte adhesion deficiency: pathology

A
  • lack of CD18 B subunit of B2 integrins
  • defective GDP-fucose transporter
  • mutation of integrin activation molecule kindlin 3
49
Q

chediak-higashi syndrome: disease type

A

primary immunodeficiency: impaired innate response w/ phagocytic defect

50
Q

chediak-higashi syndrome: pathology

A
  • defect in lysosomal trafficking gene
  • intracytoplasmic granules accumulate due to defective endosomal/lysosomal migration
  • neutrophil, NK, cytotoxic T cell dysfunction
51
Q

hyper-IgM syndrome: disease type

A

primary immunodeficiency: impaired adaptive response affecting T cells

52
Q

hyper-IgM: pathology

A
  • raised serum IgM, IgD
  • low to absent IgG, IgA, IgE
  • often x-linked
  • recurrent bacterial infections
53
Q

hyper-IgE syndrome: disease type

A

primary immunodeficiency: impaired adaptive response affecting T cells

54
Q

hyper-IgE syndrome: pathology

A
  • raised IgE, eosinophils, B cells, NK cells
  • decreased CD8 T cell proliferation, activation
55
Q

DiGeorge syndrome: disease type

A

primary immunodeficiency: impaired adaptive response affecting T cells

56
Q

DiGeorge syndrome: pathology

A
  • mutation of TF TBX-1: thymus doesn’t develop
  • poor antibody responses
57
Q

Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome: disease type

A

primary immunodeficiency: impaired adaptive response affecting T cells

58
Q

Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome: pathology

A
  • defective WASP
  • compromised T cell mobility, phagocyte chemotaxis, dendritic cell trafficking
59
Q

common variable immunodeficiency: disease type

A

primary immunodeficiency: impaired adaptive response affecting B cells

60
Q

common variable immunodeficiency: pathology

A
  • low IgA, IgG, and/or IgM
  • infections by S. pneumoniae, H. influenzae, mycoplasma
61
Q

x-linked agammaglobunlinemia: disease type

A

primary immunodeficiency: impaired adaptive response affecting B cells

62
Q

x-linked agammaglobulinemia: pathology

A
  • mutation in Bruton’s tyrosine kinase
  • defective Pre-B cell
63
Q

selective IgA deficiency: disease type

A

primary immunodeficiency: impaired adaptive response affecting B cells

64
Q

selective IgA deficiency: pathology

A
  • both circulating and secretory are affected
  • usually asymptomatic: other antibodies compensate
65
Q

SCID: disease type

A

primary immunodeficiency: impaired adaptive response affecting B cells

66
Q

SCID: pathology

A
  • failed T cell development
  • severe cellular and humoral immunity defects
  • severe recurrent infections

Immuno (10 decks)

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