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AP II > Exam 7 MALE slides #63- 79 > Flashcards

Exam 7 MALE slides #63- 79 Flashcards

1
Q

Bulbourethral glands AKA:

A

Cowper’s glands

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2
Q

Pea sized set of glands

Located inferior to the prostate on either side of the membranous urethra

Ducts open into the spongy urethra

A

Bulbourethral glands (Cowper’s glands)

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3
Q

During sexual arousal, these glands secrete ___ ___ into urethra

Protects passing sperm by neutralizing acids from urine in the urethra

Also secretes mucus that lubricates the urethra and end of penis

Some males release small amount prior to ejaculation, called pre-ejaculate
Contains little to no-sperm

A

Alkaline fluid

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4
Q

Accessory sex glands

A

slide 65

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5
Q

a liquid that contains secretions of the seminiferous tubules, seminal vesicles, prostate, bulbourethral glands

A

Seminal Fluid

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6
Q

Semen is a mixture of:

A

sperm and seminal fluid

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7
Q

Typical volume during ejaculation is 2.5-5mL
1mL contains 50-150 million sperm

When this number falls consistently below 20 million, male is considered infertile

Only small fraction of sperm ever make it all the way to the ___ ___

A

Secondary oocyte

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8
Q

Semen is slightly ___

Larger volume of ___ fluid from seminal vesicles

A

Alkaline

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9
Q

Prostate fluid is ___ but less in volume

A

Acidic

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10
Q

Semen appearance:
____ fluid gives it milky color
___ and ____ fluid provide it’s viscous and tacky consistency

A

Prostatic = milky

Seminal fluid and bulbourethral fluid

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11
Q

Ejaculate:
Coagulates within 5 min due to clotting proteins from ___ ___

Reliquefies after 10-20 min due to the presence of prostate specific antigen and other enzymes

A

Seminal vesicles

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12
Q

Abnormal or delayed liquefaction of clotted semen can cause partial or total immobilization of sperm

Unable to reach the __ __

A

secondary oocyte

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13
Q

presence of blood in semen:

A

Hematospermia/Hemospermia

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14
Q

Blood in semen:
Usually caused by inflammation of the blood vessels lining __ __ or other glands

Treated often times with antibiotics

Trauma, prolonged abstinence, “over-indulgence” of self-pleasuring, systemic issues (HTN etc.) can also contribute

A

seminal vesicles

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15
Q

Pathway for ejaculation of semen and excretion of urine

A

Urethra

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16
Q

Penis:
Cylindrical in shape
Has body, ___ ___ and root

A

glans penis

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17
Q

composed of three masses of tissue, each surrounded by fibrous tissue (tunica albuginea*: not continuous w/ tunica albuginea in the testes, just same tissue type)

A

Penis (body)

18
Q

two dorsolateral masses

A

Corpora cavernosa-

19
Q

singular midventral mass, contains spongy urethra

A

Corpus spongiosum-

20
Q

Skin and subcutaneous layers enclose all three layers, this contains ___ ___

Composed of numerous blood sinuses lined by endothelial cells and surrounded by smooth muscle and elastic connective tissue

A

erectile tissue

21
Q

Distal end of the corpus spongiosum

Slightly enlarged, acorn shaped

A

Glans penis

22
Q

Glans penis:

The margin surrounding this anatomical feature is called the ____

A

Corona

23
Q

Distal urethra enlarges, widens and forms a slit-like opening

A

(external urethral orifice)

24
Q

At birth, ___ covers the glans penis

A

a prepuce (foreskin)

25
Q

Many chose to remove this during the first days of infancy
Not usually required to remove for medical reasons
Usually done for social, cultural, religious reasons
Thought to reduce UTI’s, protect against some STD’s if male is circumcised

A

circumcision

26
Q

Contains the bulb (expanded posterior continuation of the base of the corpus spongiosum)

A

Root of the Penis

27
Q

Bulb:

Enclosed by the bulbospongiosus muscle which aids in ____

A

ejaculation

28
Q

Root:

Contains the ___ (the two separated and tapered portions of the corpora cavernosa)

A

crura

29
Q

Crura is surrounded by ___ muscles

A

Surrounded by the ischiocavernosus muscles

30
Q

Weight of the penis is supported by two ligaments that are continuous with the fascia of the penis:

A

Fundiform ligament- arises from inferior part of linea alba

Suspensory ligament- arises from pubic symphysis

31
Q

arises from inferior part of linea alba

A

Fundiform ligament-

32
Q

arises from pubic symphysis

A

Suspensory ligament-

33
Q

Fig 18.28 PENIS

A

slide 75

34
Q

Parasympathetic fibers in __ __ of spinal cord initiate and maintain an erection (enlargement and hardening of the penis)

A

Sacral region

35
Q

These fibers produce and release nitric oxide (NO)

NO causes smooth muscle in arteriole walls in erectile tissue to relax which allows dilation of both blood sinuses (____ ___) and vessels

A

(in corpora cavernosa)

36
Q

All of this in conjunction causes blood to pool in the penis and cause __ __

Increase in blood flow to the penis, compresses the veins that drain the penis, therefore helping to maintain the erection

A

The erection

37
Q

Powerful release of semen from urethra to exterior

A

Ejaculation

38
Q 
\_\_\_\_ reflex (lumbar portion of spinal cord)
Smooth muscle sphincter at base of bladder constricts (prevents urine during ejaculation, and semen into bladder)
A

Sympathetic

39
Q

Before ejaculation, ___ ___of epididymis, ductus deferens, seminal vesicles, ejaculatory ducts, prostate propel semen into spongy urethra

This can lead to emission (small volume of semen before ejaculation)

A

Peristaltic contractions

40
Q

Muscles of penis contract when stimulated by ___ ___ (bulbospongiosus, ischiocavernosus, superficial transverse perineus)

A

Pudendal nerve

41
Q 
Once stimulation has ended (whether orgasm, or interruption of process)
Arterioles constrict
Smooth muscle contracts
Making blood sinuses smaller
Relieves pressure on veins in penis
Allows blood to flow back out
Penis returns to normal (\_\_\_) state
A

Flaccid

AP II (7 decks)

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