Exam 7-9 (review ?'s)

Question 1

(Axial Skeleton)
Which of the following is part of the axial skeleton?
a. shoulder bones
b. thigh bone
c. foot bones
d. vertebral column

Answer 1

d. vertebral column

Question 2

(Axial Skeleton)
Which of the following is a function of the axial skeleton?
a. allows for movement of the wrist and hand
b. protects nerves and blood vessels at the elbow
c. supports trunk of body
d. allows for movements of the ankle and foot

Answer 2

c. supports trunk of body

Question 3

(Axial Skeleton)
Which of the following is a bone of the brain case?
a. parietal bone
b. zygomatic bone
c. maxillary bone
d. lacrimal bone

Answer 3

a. parietal bone

Question 4

(Axial Skeleton)
The lambdoid suture joins the parietal bone to the ________.
a. frontal bone
b. occipital bone
c. other parietal bone
d. temporal bone

Answer 4

b. occipital bone

Question 5

(Axial Skeleton)
The primary curvatures of the vertebral column ________.
a. include the lumbar curve
b. are remnants of the original fetal curvature
c. include the cervical curve
d. develop after the time of birth

Answer 5

b. are remnants of the original fetal curvature

Question 6

(Axial Skeleton)
The sternum ________.
a. consists of only two parts, the manubrium and xiphoid process
b. has the sternal angle located between the manubrium and body
c. receives direct attachments from the costal cartilages of all 12 pairs of ribs
d. articulates directly with the thoracic vertebrae

Answer 6

b. has the sternal angle located between the manubrium and body

Question 7

(Axial Skeleton)
True ribs are ________.
a. ribs 8–12
b. attached via their costal cartilage to the next higher rib
c. made entirely of bone, and thus do not have a costal cartilage
d. attached via their costal cartilage directly to the sternum

Answer 7

d. attached via their costal cartilage directly to the sternum

Question 8

Describe a typical vertebra.

Answer 8

A typical vertebra has a vertebral body and a vertebral arch. It has several projections as well as a spinous process and two transverse processes, and as you go down the spine the vertebral body gets bigger.

Question 9

Describe the structure and function of an intervertebral disc.

Answer 9

The intervertebral disc lies between vertebrae in the vertebral column, and it consists of a nucleus pulposus and an annulus fibrosus. It functions as a cushion between the vertebrae, absorbs shock, and supports body weight.

Question 10

Describe the parts of the sternum.

Answer 10

The sternum is made up of three parts- the manubrium, the body, and the xiphoid process. The mandible is the wide rectangular portion at the top of the sternum that is above the body, which is the main long, flat part of the sternum. At the very bottom of the sternum is the xiphoid process, which is a tiny, narrow piece of cartilage (which turns to bone around age 40).

Question 11

(Appendicular Skeleton)
Which part of the clavicle articulates with the manubrium?
a. shaft
b. sternal end
c. acromial end
d. coracoid process

Answer 11

b. sternal end

Question 12

(Appendicular Skeleton)
A shoulder separation results from injury to the ________.
a. glenohumeral joint
b. costoclavicular joint
c. acromioclavicular joint
d. sternoclavicular joint

Answer 12

c. acromioclavicular joint

Question 13

(Appendicular Skeleton)
What structure is an extension of the spine of the scapula?
a. acromion
b. coracoid process
c. supraglenoid tubercle
d. glenoid cavity

Answer 13

a. acromion

Question 14

(Appendicular Skeleton)
Name the short, hook-like bony process of the scapula that projects anteriorly.
a. acromial process
b. clavicle
c. coracoid process
d. glenoid fossa

Answer 14

c. coracoid process

Question 15

(Appendicular Skeleton)
The radius bone ________.
a. is found on the medial side of the forearm
b. has a head that articulates with the radial notch of the ulna
c. does not articulate with any of the carpal bones
d. has the radial tuberosity located near its distal end

Answer 15

b. has a head that articulates with the radial notch of the ulna

Question 16

(Appendicular Skeleton)
How many bones fuse in adulthood to form the hip bone?
a. 2
b. 3
c. 4
d. 5

Answer 16

b. 3

Question 17

(Appendicular Skeleton)
The pelvis ________.
a. has a subpubic angle that is larger in females
b. consists of the two hip bones, but does not include the sacrum or coccyx
c. has an obturator foramen, an opening that is defined in part by the sacrospinous and sacrotuberous ligaments
d. has a space located inferior to the pelvic brim called the greater pelvis

Answer 17

a. has a subpubic angle that is larger in females

Question 18

(Appendicular Skeleton)
The tibia ________.
a. has an expanded distal end called the lateral malleolus
b. is not a weight-bearing bone
c. is firmly anchored to the fibula by an interosseous membrane
d. can be palpated (felt) under the skin only at its proximal and distal ends

Answer 18

c. is firmly anchored to the fibula by an interosseous membrane

Question 19

Describe the shape and palpable line formed by the clavicle and scapula.

Answer 19

The clavicle extends laterally across the anterior shoulder and can be palpated along its entire length. At its lateral end, the clavicle articulates with the acromion of the scapula, which forms the bony tip of the shoulder. The acromion is continuous with the spine of the scapula, which can be palpated medially and posteriorly along its length. Together, the clavicle, acromion, and spine of the scapula form a V-shaped line that serves as an important area for muscle attachment.

Question 20

Your friend runs out of gas and you have to help push his car. Discuss the sequence of bones and joints that convey the forces passing from your hand, through your upper limb and your pectoral girdle, and to your axial skeleton.

Question 21

(Joints)
The joint between adjacent vertebrae that includes an invertebral disc is classified as which type of joint?
a. diarthrosis
b. multiaxial
c. amphiarthrosis
d. synarthrosis

Answer 21

c. amphiarthrosis

Question 22

(Joints)
Which of these joints is classified as a synarthrosis?
a. the pubic symphysis
b. the manubriosternal joint
c. an invertebral disc
d. the shoulder joint

Answer 22

b. the manubriosternal joint

Question 23

(Joints)
Which of these joints is classified as a biaxial diarthrosis?
a. the metacarpophalangeal joint
b. the hip joint
c. the elbow joint
d. the pubic symphysis

Answer 23

a. the metacarpophalangeal joint

Question 24

(Joints)
Synovial joints ________.
a. may be functionally classified as a synarthrosis
b. are joints where the bones are connected to each other by hyaline cartilage
c. may be functionally classified as an amphiarthrosis
d. are joints where the bones articulate with each other within a fluid-filled joint cavity

Answer 24

d. are joints where the bones articulate with each other within a fluid-filled joint cavity

Question 25

(Joints)
Which type of joint provides the greatest range of motion?
a. ball-and-socket
b. hinge
c. condyloid
d. plane

Answer 25

a. ball-and-socket

Question 26

(Joints)
Which type of joint allows for only uniaxial movement?
a. saddle joint
b. hinge joint
c. condyloid joint
d. ball-and-socket joint

Answer 26

b. hinge joint

Question 27

(Joints)
Which of the following is a type of synovial joint?
a. a synostosis
b. a suture
c. a plane joint
d. a synchondrosis

Answer 27

c. a plane joint

Question 28

(Joint)
Which motion moves the bottom of the foot away from the midline of the body?
a. elevation
b. dorsiflexion
c. eversion
d. plantar flexion

Answer 28

c. eversion

Question 29

(Joint)
Supination is the motion that moves the ________.
a. hand from the palm backward position to the palm forward position
b. foot so that the bottom of the foot faces the midline of the body
c. hand from the palm forward position to the palm backward position
d. scapula in an upward direction

Answer 29

a. hand from the palm backward position to the palm forward position

Question 30

(Joint)
Movement at the shoulder joint that moves the upper limb laterally away from the body is called ________.
a. elevation
b. eversion
c. abduction
d. lateral rotation

Answer 30

c. abduction

Question 31

Define how joints are classified based on function. Describe and give an example for each functional type of joint.

Question 32

Describe the two types of cartilaginous joints and give examples of each.

Question 33

Describe the characteristic structures found at all synovial joints.