Chapter 6 Questions

Question 1

Without red marrow, bones would not be able to ___.

Answer 1

Make blood cells

Question 2

Yellow marrow has been identified as ___.

Answer 2

An area of fat storage

Question 3

Most of the bones of the arms and hands are long bones: however, the bones in the wrist are categorized as ___.

Answer 3

Short bones

Question 4

Bones that surround the spinal cord are classified as __ bones.

Answer 4

Irregular

Question 5

The diaphysis contains ___.

Answer 5

Fat stores

Question 6

The fibrous membrane covering the outer surface of the bone is the ___.

Answer 6

Periosteum

Question 7

Which of the following bones is (are) formed by intramembranous ossification?
a. The metatarsals
b. The femur
c. The ribs
d. The flat bones of the cranium

Answer 7

The flat bones of the cranium

Question 8

Bones grow in diameter due to bone formation __.

Answer 8

Beneath the periosteum

Question 9

Which of the following represents the correct sequence of zones in the epiphyseal plate?
a. Proliferation, reserved, maturation, calcification
b. Maturation, proliferation, reserved, calcification
c. Calcification, maturation, proliferation, reserved
d. Calcification, reserved, proliferation, maturation

Answer 9

c. Calcification, maturation, proliferation, reserved

Question 10

In a compound fracture ___.

Answer 10

broken bone pierces the skin

Question 11

Wolff’s law, which describes the effect of mechanical forces in bone modeling/remodeling, would predict that ___.

Answer 11

A right-handed pitcher will have thicker bones in his right are compared to his left

Question 12

With respect to their direct effects on osseous tissue, which pair of hormones has actions that oppose each other?

Answer 12

Calcitonin and parathyroid hormone

Question 13

All of the following play a role in calcium homeostasis except ___.
a. thyroxine
b. calcitonin
c. parathyroid hormone
d. vitamin D

Answer 13

Thyroxie

Question 14

Which of the following is most likely to be released when blood calcium levels are elevated?
a. thyroxine
b. calcitonin
c. parathyroid hormone
d. vitamin D

Answer 14

Calcitonin

Question 15

The skeletal system is composed of bone and cartilage and has many functions. Choose three of these functions and discuss what features of the skeletal system allow it to accomplish these functions.

Answer 15

1. Support structural framework for organ attachment
2. Provides leverage- bones are levers
3. Storage of minerals such as calcium (stored within yellow marrow aka fat)

Question 16

During the early years of space exploration our astronauts, who had been floating in space, would return to earth showing significant bone loss dependent on how long they were in space. Discuss how this might happen and what could be done to alleviate this condition.

Answer 16

The astronauts’ bones were essentially “weightless” and did not have pressure being applied to their bones. Because there was no pressure being applied to their bones, bone mass was lost. In order to alleviate this, astronauts now do resistive exercise designed to apply forces to the bone that will help keep them healthy.

Question 17

Describe the effects caused when the parathyroid gland fails to respond to calcium bound to its receptors.

Answer 17

The parathyroid gland will continue to release parathyroid hormone (PTH) which will cause the bone to release more calcium into the blood.