Anatomy Quiz Ch 1 (part 1) Flashcards
1
Q
Is the study of the structure and relationships between body parts
A
Anatomy
2
Q
Is the study of how parts come together to function and keep the body alive
A
Physiology
3
Q
What are the six levels of organization?
A
Chemical, cellular, tissue, organs, organ systems, the body
4
Q
The body’s ability to maintain stable, internal conditions no matter what changes are occurring outside of the body
A
Homeostasis
5
Q
Why is homeostasis important?
A
Survival is dependent on homeostasis, if not maintained we would die
6
Q
Body is erect and facing forwards, with arms at the sides and palms forward
A
Anatomical position
7
Q
Divides the body vertically in left and right parts
A
Sagittal
8
Q
Slices the body vertically, but off to the side opposed to being split right at the center
A
Parasagittal
9
Q
Splits the body vertically in front and back parts
A
Frontal or Ventral
10
Q
Divides the body in half horizontally into top and bottom parts
A
Transverse
11
Q
Axial parts
A
Head, neck and body
12
Q
Appendicular parts
A
Appendages, arms and legs
13
Q
Front of body
A
Anterior
14
Q
Back of the body
A
Posterior or dorsal
15
Q
Closer to the top of the head
A
Superior
16
Q
Towards the bottom of the body
A
Inferior
17
Q
Structures that are closer to the midline of the body
A
Medial
18
Q
Structures further away from the midline of the body
A
Lateral
19
Q
On appendages: areas closer to the body
A
Proximal
20
Q
On appendages: areas further away from the body
A
Distal
21
Q
Structures on the same side of the body (right or left)
A
Ipsillateral
22
Q
On opposite sides of the body (right and left)
A
Contralteral
23
Q
Closer to the body surface
A
Superficial
24
Q
Further from the body’s surface, more interior
A
Deep or Visceral
25
How does the body maintain homeostasis?
Negative feedback loops
26
Microscopic anatomy: examination of tissues with a microscope
Histology
27
Microscopic anatomy: Microscopic examination of tissues for signs of disease
Histopathology
28
Microscopic anatomy: Study of structure and function of cells
Cytology
29
Microscopic anatomy: View detail under electron microscope
Ultrastructure
30
How are Histology, Histopathology, Cytology, and Ultrastructure all similar?
All are forms of microscopic anatomy (all use microscope)
31
Means between
Intermediate
32
At/near the tail or posterior end of the body
Caudal
33
Palm side of hand
Palmar
34
Back side of hand
Dorsal
35
Bottom of foot
Plantar
36
Gross anatomy (larger body structures)
Histology (examination of tissues w/microscope)
Histopathology (microscopic examination o/tissues for signs of disease), cytology (study o/ structure and function of cells)
Ultrastructure (view detail under electron microscope)
Branches of anatomy
37
Higher levels of organization are build from lower levels.
Molecules combine to form cells
Cells combine to form tissues
Tissues combine to form organs
Organs combine to form organ systems
Organ systems combine to form organisms
Levels of Organization (described)
38
Neurophysiology (physiology of the nervous system), Endocrinology (physiology of hormones), Pathophysiology (mechanisms of disease)
Branches of Physiology
39
Works to prevent an excessive response to the stimulus (think about temperature regulation)
Negative feedback loop
40
Intensify response until an end point is reached
Positive feedback loop
41
What are the two layer the serous membrane has?
Parietal and visceral (surrounding a fluid filled space)
42
Serous membranes that cover the lungs
Pleural serosa (visceral and parietal)
43
Serous membranes that cover the heart
Pericardial serosa (visceral and parietal)
44
Serous membranes that covers some abdominopelvic organs
Peritoneum serosa (parietal and visceral)
45
Thoracic, abdominal, and pelvic cavities
Ventral body cavity
46
Cranial and spinal cavities
Dorsal body cavity
47
Cranial cavity
Brain
48
Vertebral canal
Spinal cord
49
Thoracic cavity: pleural cavities (2)
Lungs
50
Thoracic cavity: pericardial cavity
Heart
51
Abdominopelvic cavity: abdominal cavity
Digestive organs, spleen, kidneys
52
Abdominopelvic cavity: pelvic cavity
Bladder, rectum, reproductive organs
53
Development
Differentiation and growth
54
Reproduction
Producing copies of themselves
55
Evolution
Changes in genes
56
A series of x-ray images taken from different angles around your body and uses computer processing to create cross-sectional images of the bones, blood vessels and soft tissues inside of your body.
Helps to diagnose muscle and bone disorders pinpoint the location of a tumor infection or blood clot, guide procedures such as surgery, biopsy and radiation therapy, detect and monitor diseases and conditions, monitor the effectiveness of certain treatments, detect internal injuries and internal bleeding
CT Scans
57
Provides precise details of your body parts, especially soft tissues, with the help of magnetic fields and radio waves.
Is often used for disease detection, diagnosis, and treatment monitoring
MRI Scan
58
An imaging test that uses radio tracers to assess organ in tissue functions.
Helps doctors test for diseases in your body
PET Scan
59
A diagnostic imaging technique that involves scanning the body‘s internal organs using high frequency sound waves.
Helps to check for growths and foreign objects that are close to the body’s surface.
Ultrasonography
60
How are CT Scans, MRI Scans, PET Scans, and ultrasonography scans similar?
All are imaging tests that help view inside the body
61
How are CT scans, MRI scans, PET scans, and ultrasonography different?
All assess different potential issues in the body
62
Living things exhibit a higher level of organization than nonliving things
Organization
63
Living matter is always compartmentalized into one or more cells
Cellular composition
64
Internal chemical reactions
Metabolism
65
Ability to sense and react to stimuli (irritability or excitability)
Responsiveness
66
Of organism and/or of substances within the organism
Movement
67
Change in the environment
Step leads to Receptor
Stimulus
68
Cells that detect and register a change
Step leads to Modulator
Receptor
69
Structure where the change is processed and information relayed on
Step leads to Effector
Modulator
70
Organs, glands or tissues that are instructed to adjust output or secretions to cause and ‘effect’
Step leads to Response
Effector
71
The outcome of the adjustments
Can lead back to Stimuli
Response
72
The smallest independently functioning biological unit of an organism is a(n) ___.
Molecule
73
Metabolism can be defined as ___.
Sum of all chemical reactions in an organism
74
A collection of similar tissues that preforms a specific function is an ___.
Organ
75
The body system responsible for structural support and movement is the ___.
Skeletal system
76
CJ is suck in her car during a bitterly cold blizzard. Her body responds to the cold by ___.
Breaking down stored energy
77
After you eat lunch, nerve cells in your stomach respond to the dissension (the stimulus) resulting from the food. They relay this information to ___.
A control center
78
Stimulation of the heat-loss center causes ___.
Sweat glands to increase their output
79
What is the position of the body when it is in the “normal anatomical position?”
Body is standing upright, facing forward with the legs parallel to one another, palms facing forwards
80
To make a banana split, you halve a banana into two long, thin, right and left sides along the ___.
Midsagittal plane
81
The lumbar region is ___.
Superior to the popliteal region
82
The heart is within the ___ cavity.
Chest
83
Critical thinking question #30
Name the six lvls of organization of the human body
84
Critical Thinking question #36
Identify the four components of a negative feedback loop and explain what would happen if secretion of a body chemical controlled by a negative feedback system become too great.
85
Critical thinking question #39
If a bullet were to penetrate a lung, which three anterior thoracic body cavities would it enter, and which layer of the serous membrane would it enter first?
